Consumer Behaviour And Decision Making Process Essay

This chapter is a presentation of existing literature on purchase intention of counterfeit goods. The literature covers the theory that was the basis of the study and the review of related literature based on the order of the objectives. The literature review is on purchase intention, financial capability, and social factors, consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. 2.2. Theoretical review While consumers/buyers have existed for thousands of years, consumer behaviour research really began after World War II. It was established as a unique field of study during the 1960s (Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard, 1995), and developed as a focal interest for both academic researchers and international marketing practitioners. 2.2.1. Consumer behaviour and decision making process Since the1950s, the majority of consumer behaviour literature has been built upon two assumptions. The first is that consumer behaviours can be influenced and shaped by multiple factors, which can be generalized as (Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard, 1995): A) Environmental influences (culture, social class, personal influence, family and situation); B) Individual differences and influences (consumer resources, motivation and involvement, knowledge, attitudes and personality, values, and lifestyle); and, C) Psychological processes (information processing, learning, attitude and behaviour change). The secondShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behaviour : Holiday Decision Making Process2191 Words   |  9 Pagessolving, cognitive model’ of consumer decision making process, in light of the arguments given in the case study: ‘Holiday decision-making: an adaptable and opportunistic ongoing process.’ Every day, each one of us makes various decisions regarding different aspects of our daily routine. To be able to make these decisions, we need to be able to have alternatives. These decisions, however, are made after doing some degree of information search but not all consumer decision-making situations receive orRead MoreConsumer Behaviour - Holiday Decision Making Process3233 Words   |  13 PagesCONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: HOLIDAY DECISION MAKING PROCESS SUMMARY: Decisions are omnipresent in the daily lives of human beings. Being tireless decision makers, it stands to reason then that we understand the forces that drive decision making. The following report seeks to critically evaluate the long-held traditional ‘rational problem- solving and cognitive model’ of the consumer decision making process against the background of the holiday decision making patterns of the modern consumer. The one strikingRead MoreCognitive and Behavioural Model1364 Words   |  6 Pagessuitable approach to understand consumer behaviour, they are cognitive and behavioural models, there are actually three models lies within initial decisions of consumer behavior, the third one is reinforcement model but in this case we will not analyze it. First of all, the way of starting off the essay is by defining both cognitive and behavioural models found from the journals, followed by comparison between the two models, which are the best to understand consumer behaviour, giving advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Literature On Purchase Intention Of Goods Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature based on the objectives. The literature review focus on purchase intention, economic factors, and social factors, as well as consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. Theoretical review While consumers/buyers have existed for thousands of years, consumer behaviour research really began after World War II. It was established as a unique field of study during the 1960s (Engel, Blackwell, andRead MoreBuyer Behavior and Branding1814 Words   |  7 PagesBUYER BEHAVIOUR AND BRANDING (BBMK402) Introduction: Every one is a customer at one time or another. Production continues to increase just like customers increases day by day for goods and services that give value in return for consumer’s money. Although there are lots of components and elements that influence customers to support and buy the product and one of those ways is good marketing strategy. Good marketing functions raise competitive rewards to a firm which leads to be a magnet toRead MoreThe Relevant Theories Of Advertising1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthe concept to describe the steps of consumer behaviour that occurred from the time when a consumer first became aware of a product or brand through to when the consumer tried a product or made a purchase decision (Priyanka, 2013). The model had four psychological stages including awareness, interest, desire, and action (Hassan et al., 2015). It was a useful formula to help marketers develop effective communication strategies as well as to understand how consumers respond to advertising. However, AIDARead MorePerceptions And Attitudes Of The Consumer Buying Process1000 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect consumer buying behavior therefore marketers are interested in them. Marketers can change the beliefs and attitudes of customers by launching special campaigns in this regard. To change the brand s marketing message or adjust its positioning in order to get consumers to change their brand perception. Stages of the Consumer Buying Process Six Stages to the Consumer Buying Decision Process (For complex decisions). Actual purchasing is only one stage of the process. Not all decision processesRead MoreThe Contributions of Consumer Behaviours to Marketing Effectiveness and a Marketing Manager1178 Words   |  5 PagesBY: EZEIGBO UZOMA THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOURS TO MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS AND A MARKETING MANAGER. Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy a product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. The study of consumer behavior helps firms and organizations improve their marketing effectiveness and strategiesRead MoreUnderstanding The Consumers Buying Behavior1403 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding the consumers’ buying behaviour is a complicated but essential task for all marketing managements. It is vital to understand how people make purchase decisions and what drives them to buy one specific product and no other. According to Kotler et al. (2013) â€Å"consumer buyer behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of final consumers – individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption.† It may be a costly and time-consuming task to find out what, when, whereRead MoreThe Impulse Of An Impulse Purchase Decision843 Words   |  4 PagesAn impulse purchase decision can be defined as the result of complex behavioural processes, thoughtful and deliberate consideration of information about the good in question and its alternatives (Ba yley Nancarrow, 1998). An impulse purchase is typically associated with reckless decision making as the assumption is that it is a decision made without thinking about the consequences too much. However, this definition by (Bayley Nancarrow, 1998) suggests that the impulse decision is one made using

Online E Commerce Marketplace The Primary Type Of...

An online marketplace (or online e-commerce marketplace) is a type of e-commerce site where product and inventory information is provided by multiple third parties, whereas transactions are processed by the marketplace operator. Online marketplaces are the primary type of multichannel ecommerce. In an online marketplace, consumer transactions are processed by the marketplace operator and then delivered and fulfilled by the participating retailers or wholesalers (often called drop shipping). In general, because marketplaces aggregate products from a wide array of providers, selection is usually wider, availability is higher, and prices are more competitive than in vendor-specific online retail stores. The shift towards ‘marketplaces’ is taking place as companies try to find a new balance between the following priorities: ï‚ § Maximizing capital efficiency ï‚ § Maximizing customer delight (selection, post purchase experience etc), and ï‚ § Minimizing logistical complexity (which helps to maximize scalability) The need to find a new balance is triggered by scarcity of capital. As long as capital was freely available, most ecommerce companies focused heavily on the customer experience, which was best served by an inventory model. As capital tightens, these companies must now balance the need to delight customers with the need to build a viable business. These are platforms that enable a large, fragmented base of buyers and sellers to discover price and transact with one anotherShow MoreRelatedBusiness Research - Rwt-1 Essay3349 Words   |  14 PagesBusiness Research Report E-Commerce: The future of ABC Corporation. A look into the features, advantages, and benefits of entering the online sales arena in today’s retail market. October 2012 Assessment Code: RWT1 Date: October 21, 2012 Table of Contents Cover page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.1 Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.2 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreConsumer Behavior Towards Online Shopping18477 Words   |  74 PagesCONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING (E-Shopping) Submitted To, L.J. Institute of Business Administration Vastrapur, Ahmedabad Project Guide, Prof. Saurin Shah Submitted by Name Roll No. 1. Siddharth Iyer 47 2. Raj Joisar 55 3. Keval Amreliya 05 4. Dhanraj Solanki 145 5. Akash Gupta 43 6. Simpy Harwani 45 7.Read MoreOnline Financial Services5970 Words   |  24 Pagesinstance, one type of financial service involves stockbrokers who act as the middle person in a transaction between buyers and sellers. Online mortgage companies refer customers to mortgage companies that actually issue the mortgage. In contrast, legal, medical and accounting industries perform specific hands on activities for their customers. In order to provide their service, these professionals need to interact directly and personally with their client. In this the opportunities for ecommerce are somewhatRead MoreChannel Conflict When Adding Internet Channel on Existing Store Based Retailer23250 Words   |  93 PagesResearch question three Research question four Recommendations Reflections References Appendices Appendix A - Output SPSS – all respondents Appendix A1 -Output SPSS physical stores Appendix A2 -Output SPSS e-shop Appendix B -Cover letter Appendix C –Questionnaire Appendix D -Project Proposal Appendix E -Ethics Form -3-4-5-6-7-8-9-9-10-10-11-12-13-16-18-19-22-26-27-28-29-30-31-36-37-38-39-41-43-45-53-74-79-84-85-88-99- 1.1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 3Read MoreCase Study on Dell8786 Words   |  36 Pagesthem about the different possible PC configurations and prices, obtain an order from a customer and the corresponding payment and deliver the ordered product; in the meantime Dell manages its customer relationships. The use of Premier Pages, and thus online customized sales and support, differentiates Dell from other PC companies and provides a competitive advantage. 1. Conceptual Design Conceptual Design expresses all information requirements in the form of a high level model. Conceptual designRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreAnalylis Primark22310 Words   |  90 Pagesbusiness. But as much as they are taking packages they are not operating well internal problems even CEO receives up to 7, 98000 Euro 12 ï  ® Behind rivals in e commerce capabilities? Answer: Primark can get benefits by operating activities in NEW ZELAND where they can target through e marketing they are not providing such e commerce facilities to that located country. They can also target to the different eurpeon countries through on line receipts and payments. 13 Porter‟s Five Forces Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesconsumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management

Eminem and Craig David Free Essays

In this speech, I am talking about two very famous singers, Eminem and Craig David. They are both very brilliant at making songs but in there own and very different ways. Eminem is generally known for all the swearing in all his songs, well he is known for that by the parents at least. We will write a custom essay sample on Eminem and Craig David or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has had to face the courts due to too many parents complaining that Eminem is too influential on there children in a very bad way. He always makes a clean version of his album so his daughter, Hailey can listen to his songs in her little cassette player. He always puts her first. He believes that fame is nothing without being able to share it with his daughter and wife. Eminem has made many friends in the music industry, such as his protà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Dr Dre. He has also made a pact with snoop dogg, d12, dido and many other singers. Whereas Craig David has not made a song with anyone and has not shown that he has any celebrity friends, at least in his songs, this could mean he is a true solo artist, or he is a lonely person. Both of these artists had a low point in there career but the both eventually came back. Eminem came back with a song called ‘without me’ saying that he is back and you should tell a friend, and that he has got through all his law suits. Craig David recently came back with ‘what’s your flava’ comparing ice cream to a lady, in the end his favourite flavour is chocolate. I did not really like this song. Craig David uses his vocal talent to a high extent to a create a beat that people like. He mainly talks about ladies in songs, like in his latest song, ‘eenie meenie’. Eminem does not really sing, he raps giving the song a great beat that has a lot of rhyming in it, you can feel his emotion when he sings in his songs, showing he has passion towards certain songs. He normally bases his songs on the way of life, past experiences he claims to have had, situations and things he loves or hates. In his album, the Eminem show, he has dedicated a song to Hailey showing that he really loves her. I think that Eminem’s songs are brilliant but some might say that they are depressing and has bad influence on people, but I don’t think that. Craig David is very good when he wants to be, his song ‘what your flava’ was not that good in my opinion because he had not written a song in a while and I figure he was a little out of touch. But his other song eenie meenie is brilliant because he is mixing different styles of music making a brilliant tune in my opinion. Overall, I think that they are both good but Eminem is a lot better and down to Earth and has more meaning in his songs. How to cite Eminem and Craig David, Papers

Managing Pain Before it Manages You

Questions: 1. Why should I hire you? 2. What are your strengths?3. What are your weaknesses? 4. Why are you applying for this position? 5. How are you qualified for this position? 6. What can you contribute to this company? 7. What are your short-term goals? 8. Tell me about a difficult situation you dealt with when supervising others. What did you do, and what were the results? 9. Describe a time when you had to use your best oral communication skills. What was the situation, and what was the outcome?10. Describe a time when you had to adjust to change. How did you cope? Answers: 1. Why should I hire you? I trust that capacity is nothing with no open door. Thus, Opportunity allows substantiating ourselves. In the event that you contract me, I have a great open door and opportunity to substantiate myself. I guarantee that I will give my level best for the development of our organization. 2. What are your strengths? All things considered, I am brilliant, I am clever, I am an awesome group pioneer, I cooperate with other people, I am brief and pay consideration on points of interest, I truly acknowledge diligent work, I am never late, I can work on weekends, I am super eager to be here, I am influenced by your company. 3. What are your weaknesses? I am an aggregate compulsive worker and cannot stop until I could not complete the assigned task. 4. Why are you applying for this position? I believe in my skills, educational qualification and this job is most suitable to utilize my abilities. 5. How are you qualified for this position? I trust that I am the best possibility for this position in view of my wide client management and administration experience and my capacity to adjust to any circumstance. 6. What can you contribute to this company? I am a person who has an extremely innovative personality. My capacities and my thoughts are special and significant. I have presented essential thoughts with respect to management and documenting in my past organizations. The outcomes have been astonishing. 7. What are your short-term goals? The short term goal of my life is to reach a position in the organization that would help me to move forward in organization with strong execution and future projections. 8. Tell me about a difficult situation you dealt with when supervising others. What did you do, and what were the results? There was a situation when the actual supervisor was missing and I was accountable for a soccer match. A genuine ambush occurred at the diversion. The referee was hitted by a player and there was no administrator to swing to, I instantly called the police, who immediately re-established request to the circumstance. I felt I settled on a compelling choice. 9. Describe a time when you had to use your best oral communication skills. What was the situation, and what was the outcome? Once there was a situation when I was investigating a framework at MTA new York, I have found the issue that was creating the framework not to the right capacity, which was MTA's issue and attempted to disclose it to their chief and he would not like to acknowledge duty regarding the cause. I even needed to call my director yet he would not assume liability so I quieted down listened to MTA boss, backpedaled to investigate the framework with him and strolled him through the whole framework so he could see what I was seeing lastly inspired him to comprehend the framework and acknowledge obligation. 10. Describe a time when you had to adjust to change. How did you cope? The bank in which I worked initiated an arrangement that centralized the loaning procedure. An application was to be taken from the customer and sent off to be endorsed/declined, handled, arranged, and came back to the branch to be marked by the customer. While the procedure was streamlined, it likewise took away important knowledge about the customer learning about the customer and the advance. I adopted the new situation and shared my knowledge to the other staffs and the clients working with me. Bibliography Caudill, M. A. (2016).Managing pain before it manages you. Guilford Publications.Certo, S. (2015).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Greenberger, D., Padesky, C. A. (2015).Mind over mood: Change how you feel by changing the way you think. Guilford Publications.Hamilton, C. (2013).Communicating for results: A guide for business and the professions. Cengage Learning.

Shakespeare vs Dryden free essay sample

We can see that both writers through their respective works have focused on the relationship between two prominent characters of the ancient world- Marc Antony, who was a Roman ruler and Cleopatra- who was considered the most beautiful woman in the world and who was also the queen of Egypt. John Dryden was impressed by Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra and hence was inspired to write a play of the same proportions based on the relationship of Marc Antony and Cleopatra. The subject and the theme of both plays are the same. But one has to know that both are exemplary versions of a great story written by two of the most famous playwrights who have birthed an array of great literary works of their era. The following study gives a short summary of both the plays which is followed by a comparative study between both plays which is based on different parameters. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare vs Dryden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The study is intended only to compare both the plays with each other and not to criticize the plays written by both writers. About William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright and arguable the greatest English writer that ever existed. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. Almost all his works are considered of high value and is often studied, performed and reinterpreted based on different cultures and political contexts. Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some point, and literary critics agree that Shakespeare did the same, mostly early and late in his career. Shakespeares work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature.

The most common fears and their reasons

The most common fears and their reasons Every day is a day of decision-making. From the smallest decision of what to wear, to more important decisions at work, and, on some occasions, some really big decisions, we try to weigh alternatives and make the best one. We decide on college majors; we buy cars and homes; we make huge decisions about career choices and relationships. But what happens when we cannot make decisions or we make poor choices because we are afraid. While the reasons for our fear may differ, one thing psychologists tell us is true. Fear can become so debilitating that we are just stuck we cant act at all. And that of itself is actually a decision a decision to do nothing. And those decisions to do nothing heavily affect our lives. Here are 4 of the most common fears and their impact. Fear of Failure You have been very comfortable in your job and you do it well. All of a sudden an opportunity comes up for quite a promotion, and your boss thinks you are the perfect candidate. You are flattered, but then the fear grips you. This new position means supervising lots of people; there are more responsibilities and new things to learn; you will be blamed if things go wrong. Now you have the weekend to make a decision, and you are thrown into anxiety and panic attacks. Monday morning comes, and you turn down the promotion, feeling a great sense of relief. Fear of failure can impact all aspects of our lives, and it keeps us from taking up new challenges that mean personal and professional growth. Fear of Criticism or Disapproval This fear is a direct result of low self-esteem, because it means that we fail to make decisions based upon our own desires and goals. We worry instead about what others may say or think. You are in college and studying pre-med. You come from a family of doctors, and it is just a given that this will be your career choice too. You have been groomed for this for years. But now, you really hate pre-med and you have begun a love affair with computer science, taking as many elective courses in the field as possible. You want to change your major but you know how your parents and relatives will react, and you do not want to disappoint them. So, you stick it out and ultimately enter a field for which you do not have real passion. You then lead a life of wondering if you might have been the next Bill Gates of Steve Jobs. Fear of Change/Risk We all have our comfort zones, and they are nice secure places. We really want to stay in them, but often life tries to push us out of those zones and into new unchartered territory. You have a comfortable job with an adequate income. You are truly talented in web design and have done an outstanding job creating the websites for some friends. A colleague approaches you and thinks that two of you could start your own web design business and make a killing. He already has several clients lined up and just needs you as the creative arm of the business. Suddenly you are faced with making a huge change a change that will really pull you out of your comfort zone. You have a mortgage and maybe a car payment. You might have to go into your savings for a while. You just cannot do it, and you have to tell your colleague no. Several years later, that colleague and his partner are highly successful, setting their own schedules and having fun in their work. You are still in your 9-5 comfort zon e, trying to tell yourself that you made the right choices while looking upon them with envy. Fear of Success Yes, thats right. This is a mindset that says, Once I reach the goals that I have told everyone about, what do I do next? Can I move to the next level without failing? Fear of success is really fear of failure, and what it does is keep us from achieving the current goals we have set. Its just so much easier to keep saying we are working on them and never actually get there. Others will admire us they will applaud our perseverance. And well gladly take all of that praise, and keep plugging along. And, we never have to make the next life decision where do we go next? Fear stunts our growth. Whether it is the fear of moving into a new relationships, the fear of a new job, the fear of taking risks to follow our dreams, or the fear of dis-pleasing others, we end up living, as Thoreau used to call them, lives of quiet desperation, always wondering what could have been had we not be afraid. So, if you have fears that are holding you back, identify them and face them head on. Then get some help with them. Overcoming fear is a process, but it can be done.

Women in Swimming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in Swimming - Essay Example o are ugly will feel jealous; the press photographers will do their professional duty, clicking pictures from different angles and with different viewpoints. The winner swimmer will attain international fame, and become overnight a sex symbol as well. Physical beauty and swimming ability are an awesome combination. One has the potential to become a crossover world star overnight. One may be the cover-page girl and the editors are sure to select the most provocative pose amongst the dozens of photographs their lens man has been able to get. Commercialization has crept in and the female swimmer is posed in a sexualized manner. She may do it willingly or the cameraman might have clicked her in that position. A female swimmer’s achievement in sports lasts for the duration of the performance but her sexy poses are cashable and marketable for many years. The athletic performance takes the back seat as compared to her sexy poses. Top swimming stars do would not like to miss the opportunities for making a fortune. In real terms, prize-money accrued out of a bunch of gold medals is kindergarten stuff as compared to the massive returns an attractive pose in the swimsuit may fetch for a top athlete. Sport sells but sex sells better! Yes, those poses looking at which the viewer roll their eyes and sigh in exasperation. Whether it is right or wrong from the sociological point of view, female swimmers are presented by both the print and electronic media, by highlighting their physical assets. The articles also emphasize the swimmer’s sexuality and the photographs are mostly to highlight their sexual features. When they get contracts as models by the multinational giants, the advertising people make their figure more glamorous by lighting and make-up. Her swimming talents take the backseat for a while. Her breathtaking and flawless skin and endless legs are given prominence. Her ripping muscles are made to look more attractive. And sky is the limit for the imagination of

Multicultural Books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multicultural Books - Essay Example Summary: The proverbs in the book are classified according to the core values that they exemplify. Native American Culture Title: Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight In Heaven Author: Alexie, Sherman Illustrator: Tina Fernandez Publisher: Harperperennial Publication Date: 1994 Genre: short story Interest Level: Grades I- IV Topic/Theme: life, hope and perseverance Summary: Alexie's works are celebrated for their detailed descriptions of the psychology and environment of the reservation; the humor and wit that are displayed in the face of the intense poverty and the ravages of alcohol abuse that are part of reservation life; and their broad, universal messages of hope and perseverance. Title: Long As the Rivers Flow: The Stories of Nine Native Americans Author: Allen, Paula Gunn Illustrator: Tina Fernandez Publisher: Scholastic Publication Date: 2001 Genre: short story Interest Level: Grades III- VI Topic/Theme: tribes and prejudice Summary: Through the centuries and across tribal boundaries, countless Native Americans have made history, despite prejudices against them. These powerful essays celebrate the diversity and talents of nine Native Americans who have made great contributions to arts, politics, sports, and other aspects of American life. Mexican American Culture Title: A Birthday Basket for Ta Author: Pat Mora Illustrator: Cecily Lang Publisher: Aladin Paperbacks Publication Date: 1992 Genre: short story Interest Level: Grades I- IV Topic/Theme: love for Family Summary: This story tells of a young girl who loved her aunt as much as her mother. Title: All for the Better Author: Nicholasa Mor Illustrator: Rudy Gutierez Publisher: Raintree Steck- Vaughn Publication Date: 1993 Genre: short story Interest Level: Grades I- IV Topic/Theme: Story... Summary: Through the centuries and across tribal boundaries, countless Native Americans have made history, despite prejudices against them. These powerful essays celebrate the diversity and talents of nine Native Americans who have made great contributions to arts, politics, sports, and other aspects of American life. Summary: Amelia and her family are migrant farm workers, moving from harvest to harvest living in labor camps. Amelia also moves from school to school, never really making friends or feeling that she belongs. One day during apple harvest, Amelia finds a special place. Summary: The "cute" turned into "cool" as children, following their parental example, embraced the gift of fantasy and unrestrained desire to rebel against the saccharine excesses of wondrous innocence in deliberate pursuit of the anti-cute. Summary: This is one boy's story of life in a diverse neighborhood in San Francisco. It is also a story of the colorful and diverse neighborhood itself. Jos lives in a neighborhood where people speak Spanish and English, and even Chinese.

Wright Brothers patent cases and influence on aviation Term Paper

Wright Brothers patent cases and influence on aviation - Term Paper Example This was way back in 1903 and two years later they created the aircraft which was the first empirically done-wing aircraft. Even though they might not be considered the first to develop a flying experimental airplane, they are credited for being the pioneers in inventing an aircraft that could be controlled with a fixed wing energized aircraft (John, 2004). Their essential success was in the construction of the three-axis control that helped the pilot to maneuver the airplane successfully and to sustain the balance it needed. This mechanism came to be the norm and is still the benchmark on fixed wing airplane of all types (John, 2004). From the start of their aviation creativity, the two brothers put their efforts into solving the puzzle of flying. Besides, they made attempts to patent their invention to prevent imitators who would outdo them in the long-run. From their invention, there was a great influence on the aviation industry that brought about the current modern airplanes. .. . However, some authors argue that the Wright Patent cases had a very retrogressive impact on the American aviation during the early nineteenth century (Parish, 2004). However, the precedents set in these cases perceived in the context of the disparity in the opinions of the military amongst the different aircrafts producer; it seems valuable to the current time period. The connection between the training pilots and the producing firms was to a large extent solidified by the social relations. The Wright Brothers’ patent case was complicated by the various technological details which involved use of diagrams that necessitated the readers and users to see the finer details under its description. The main details were well understood by the users. Fundamentally, the patent cases placed the American aviation industry on a slow growth. The American aviation had all the rights to be first ones to invent a flying machine. This was not possible under the Wright Brothers’ patent t actic. This eventually impeded the growth of the aviation industry in America. Turning the attention to the United States military aviation, the Wright brothers’ patent case had significant influence on aspects such as politics, technology, culture and the entire organization where their evolution was stunted immensely. Lack of funding by the federal government was another drawback to the military aviation owing to the patent cases which disrupted the civilian opinion on the aeronautic constituency. The various ligation cases by the Wright Brothers disrupted the development of technology in the American aviation industry and reduced the pace of the manufacturing capacity of the American aviation industry. Even though the experience of war assisted in

Romeo and Juliet Paper Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Paper Essay One who is immature may make rash decisions. When someone is immature they have a lack of experience. In literature, the choices a person makes may cause problems for themselves and the people around them. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare portrays the two star ­crossed lovers making decisions without thinking of the consequences that often lead to permanent damage. Throughout the play, Romeo and Juliet are faced with long lasting feuds, star ­crossed secret marriages, life, and overall death. Due to several unexpected deaths, the characters in the story make decisions that cannot be reversed. William Shakespeare proves innocence/immaturity leads one to act rashly causing irreversible problems through the use of characterization and dramatic irony. Through Romeo and Juliet’s youthfulness and immaturity they believe they can conquer all without worrying about consequences. Just after Romeo and Juliet met, it was instantly love at first sight. Romeo admiring Juliet from her balcony when he overhears her talking about how she does not care that he was a Montague and that Montague was just a name. Romeo showed  himself to Juliet telling her that he felt the same way. Juliet proceeds to tell Romeo he must leave, he states, â€Å"I have night’ cloak to hide me from their eyes/ And but thou love me, let them find me here/ My life were better ended by their hate/ Than death prorogued wanting of thy love† (II.ii.75 ­78). Romeo, as he is   sitting on Juliet’s balcony, would rather be caught by the Capulet guards and be killed, then have to leave his true love, Juliet. Romeo acts overly dramatic as he would not mind dying as long as Juliet loves him. Romeo has only just met Juliet earlier that day and is already saying he would rather die than be without her. After Romeo is exiled from Verona, Juliet pretends to kill herself and Romeo actually kills himself, the Friar awakens Juliet. At first, Juliet is confused as she is not exactly sure what is going on. Then Juliet sees Romeo’s body on the floor and says, â€Å"What’s here? A cup, closed in my truelove’s hand?/ Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end/ Oh Churl! Drunk all and left no friendly drop/ To help me after? I will kiss thy lips,/ Haply some poison yet doth hang on them/ To make them die with a restorative† (V.iii.161 ­166). After Juliet finds her true love lying on the floor of her grave dead, she cannot control her emotions. All she wants is to be with Romeo. Not once does Juliet, take a moment to think of the consequences of her actions. She acts quickly, without thinking and she kills herself, acting immaturity. Overall, Shakespeare demonstrates Romeo and Juliet acting immature and overdramatic when facing their star ­crossed love. As addition to Romeo acting overdramatic, when he is faced with Juliet’s â€Å"death†,  he acts childish and recklessly, causing irreversible results. After Romeo was banned from Verona because of his fight with Tybalt, Juliet’s parents decide that she must marry the county Paris at once. The Friar provides Juliet with a plan to escape her from the marriage with Paris.

The Great Depression (1929-1939) Essay -- American History

â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself, nameless unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyses needed efforts to convert retreat into advance† (Parker, p. 236). This quote was made famous by the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt for his campaign at the most difficult time period in the world. This unprecedented event for the world began in the United States on October 29th 1929, also known as â€Å"Black Tuesday†, when their economy fell into peril of complete economic collapse. What started out in the United States was soon felt all over the world as a depression began to affect the Western world. Jobs became scarce to the population, and nominal wages were at poverty levels unsupportive of a middle class lifestyle of luxury goods. The gap between the rich and poor were expanding while businesses defaulted and credit contracted as a consequence. The effects of the Great Depression were ubiquitous in terms of economic impact to the glo bal economies. What started in the U.S was soon felt all over the world: deflation and the impact of the Gold Standard, contraction of credit, high unemployment, protectionism and international trade. Overall, these effects of the Great Depression were evidence of the economic impact in the United States that globalized to the rest of the world. To being with, deflation is an effect of a monetary policy in which the prices of goods and services fall to make it less advantageous for business to continue operation. For example, according to author Charles Kindleberger of The World in Depression, 1929-1939, the annual percentage change in wholesale prices between 1929 and 1930 are as followed: â€Å"U.S -12.2%, France -6.7%, Japan -22.3%, Canada -16%, U.K -14.9%, Germany -10.8%, and... ...eologies around the beggar-thy-neighbour theory contracting all international trade. By and large, â€Å"in an increasingly interdependent world, no man in an island† (Esler, p. 613) Works Cited Esler, A. (2004). The Human Venture: From Prehistory to the Present. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Galenson, W., & Zellner, A. (1957). International Comparison of Unemployment. NBER. Ganzel, B. (2003). Bank Failures. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from Farming in the 1930s: http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/money_08.html Kindlerberger, C. P. (1986). The World in Depression, 1929-1939. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Parker, S. (2008). The Great Crash: How the Stock Market Crash of 1929 Plunged the WOrld into Depression. Great Britain: Piatkus. Rothermund, D. (1996). The Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939. New York: Routledge.

L’oreal Tahiland Essay

L’Oreal is a beauty and cosmetic global company and is vastly spread company all over the world. The company is large sized as it is a Multi-National Company (MNC).L’Oreal offered a number of cosmetic products and beauty services through its fourteen brands they had in 2000, segmented on the basis of price and target markets. Some of the brands were Biotherm which exclusively offered skin care products Kerastase offered only hair care products PCI offered only fragrances and ancillary products Helena Rubinstein & Lancà ´me offered skin care as well as make-up products L’Oreal Paris covered hair colours, skin care, make-up and hair care products. L’Oreal Professional offered services such as hair colouring and hair care treatment Maybelline was exclusively used for make-up products Garnier only dealt with hair colours. L’Oreal offered their expertise in the service of women and men worldwide,  meeting the diversity of their beauty desires with a number of brands which targeted different markets accordingly. Biotherm, PCI, Lancà ´me covered the very high end market, L’Oreal Paris and L’Oreal Professional covered the high end and Maybelline and Garnier covered mostly mass market. L’Oreal Thailand had been performing poor after Asian crisis and was facing a decline in market share, low sales and profitability. Chris Martins, was appointed as a Managing Director in order to help increase the profitably, sales and market share of L’Oreal in Thailand. L’Oreal Thailand had two different local agents which were Slampar and Thailor. Slampar was the oldest one which had a joint venture with a local conglomerate. Due to the high import duties on luxury products Slampar manufactured some Lancà ´me products locally and imported the rest of the line. ANALYSIS CURRENT SITUATION Chris Martins, the new managing director was appointed to create a truly ‘L’Orealized’ company which upholds the long term values and deliver healthy profitable growth. The Asian crisis had negatively affected the market share, sales and profitability of L’Oreal Thailand. Thailand with a population of 63 million had the beauty market of Bt 26.6 billion. Thailand had faced a retail revolution as foreign retailers had entered the market and dominated all sectors. This had increased the level of competition and professionalism for L’Oreal Thailand as well as local companies. L’Oreal had two entities in Thailand, Siampar and Thailor which were later merged to form a single multi-division entity L’Oreal Thailand Ltd. But even after the merger the two companies did not talk to each other and had odds with each other. They also lacked media support due to which some of their brands not even known in the market. The current goal of the company is to solve their issues and further professionalize and stimulate their teams so as to survive in the Thai market. Internal Environment Strengths L’Oreal’s two major brands L’Oreal Professional and Kerasotes are market leaders and had an excellent image among top professional salons. Chris  Martin, who is a well experienced person in the L’Oreal industry, has been well utilized by the company in Thailand during the Asian crisis. From this we get to know that those who work sincerely with complete dedication & talent are given a chance to make use of it. The new managing directorr knows the seriousness of the issues faced by the company and is ready to implement changes in the organisation. The new MD is willing to work on the issue as a team rather than a self-centered approach. For a company’s success, working as a team will overcome any barriers. The company is able to identify the type of consumer’s whereby they can improve the quality of their business by concentrating on the type of consumers. L’Oreal in Thailand operated three divisions-luxury divisions, consumer division, professional division . This decentralized approach to handle respective responsibilities is a good characteristic whereby these three divisions can analyze their own areas and find the key areas to work on. Weaknesses L’Oreal Thailand is facing high turnover and is losing staff as the staff doesn’t see any future of the company. The staffs are just considered to be mechanical employees. The company is not considered about their well-being. Thus experienced employees are lost, young people are to be hired that lack in maturity and motivation. They are not able to catch up with the budget and are facing financial problems due to limited sales. The working environment in the organistaton is not inspiring and motivating for the employees as well as the reward system is out of touch with the market. They lack media support as they do not have enough funds to advertise their brands.Thus there was no clear positioning of the brand in the minds of Thai consumers. The organisation is much leaner and less bureaucratic than the international competitors.This company did not have a good tie up with the Thai government that were more protective about the local companies. A company can thrive only in a well-coordinated and cooperative environment. Martin noticed that there was bitter rivalry among most of the retail sectors. The business was restricted to beauty products only. The company had to think out of the box in order to compete with the counter brands L’Oreal, Paris management turns out to be self-oriented and not concerned about the well-being of the organization. They are not willing to spend beyond the assigned budget. Turnover is highest in the support functions as there is no HR Director at present. This is solely due to the narrow hiring criteria. External Environment Opportunities L’Oreal Thailand has the opportunity to come up in the market as it has a number of good quality brands which lack awareness among consumers due to less advertising They could use direct sales for make-up and skin care products instead of retail sales as this would help them to have direct interaction with their customers and know about their needs. L’Oreal can make specialised products specifically for Asian women so as to target the women’s in the Thai market and increase sales. L’Oreal can expand their business to non-beauty products also to increase their bar of business in comparison to the other leading brands. Beauty products can also be focused on men apart from women, thereby increasing a chance of rise in market. Online marketing should be put to best use to ease the customer needs and provide a niche solution in this technology driven generation. Threats L’Oreal Thailand has a lot of intensive competition in the beauty market due to the entrance of many strong foreign companies. One of the major threats would be the government regulations which could turn out to be deadly to shut down the business as the government tends to be more protective about their local companies. When similar products are introduced in market by different companies, consumers tend to choose the product with minimal price to satisfy their needs. The involvement of local companies in marketing of cosmetics can be a threat to the mass-cosmetic marketing. STRATERGIC CHOICE Methods of Pursuing Strategy External Environment Analysis: Analysing & Studying the current market situation : – Current competitors in the market (Existing companies and new foreign companies) – Finding out the Current Trends in the market – The Current Pays based on the market condition – Identifying the customer needs, what is being sold in the market and the products having high demand in the market. Internal Environment Analysis Analysing the Internal Environment: – Improving the working Environment of the employees i.e. creating a positive office ambience in which the employees feel enlightened to work – Providing deserving remuneration for the employees based on their expertise – Coordination within departments – Meeting the Working Capital Requirements – JUST IN TIME strategy can be applied for the production process – The HR Manager should be broad minded and should recruit new staffs and assign their position in the organisation based on their area of expertise and only skilled workers should be selected. – Motivation of the employees by the Top Management. FOUNDATIONS FOR COMPETITIVE STRATEGY (Marketing Strategy) Promoting their products with the help of media Specifically advertisements in televisions through which a large number of people can be reached over a vast geographical area. Various Sales Promotion methods can be used: – Price Reduction(Discount) Quantity gift, Providing free samples, Product combinations, Sampling, Personal selling. – Promoting products based on the customer needs (selected products having demand in the current market and excluding other products that are least preferred by the customers) STRATERGIC GAP External Environment As there were multiple foreign retailers and industries making their way in Thailand, the market share by L’Oreal was slowly and steadily declining by the entry of similar products in market. In order to increase the market share and revenue for the company, the managers should: Study about the  competitor’s strategy for sales and try to study the consumption of their products by different age groups. This can help them gain an additional advantage over other competitors. Internal Environment 1. L’Oreal has different departments but there was very little or no communication between the departments. So there is a need to improve the inter-department communication so the information can be reached throughout all the organization and they can work efficiently. This can be done by: a) Team Building activities for the employees b) Holding events like dinner or party so the employees can know each other. 2. The organization also faced the problem of the employees leaving their job. The main point here is that the employees didn’t have a satisfying work environment and adding to that the un-satisfying wages. This problem can be solved by the following; a) They should offer employees some incentives or bonus for extra time, extra paid leaves in case of better performance. 3. The company also faced the problem of slow generating revenue. This was happening due to various factors. a) They were selling their products only through 2 types of retail outlets. This was not helping them to make the products in everyone’s reach. b)The company was issuing invoices to the retailers but receiving the payments only when the products were sold. These issues can be solved by: †¢ Selling the products through more retail stores which help increase the sales. †¢ Collect the payments immediately while distributing the products to the retailers. Marketing Strategy The problem in marketing department was that it didn’t have the sufficient funds for promoting more about their products. The solution for this problem is that: †¢ Reduce their operating expenditure by introducing JUST IN TIME strategy. This will reduce the cost for storing the raw materials and as a result, the company can have a better margin over each product they sell. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Development of alternative strategies enables to select the most apt strategy through proper evaluation of the success rate of each strategy. To make the selection of strategic process more effective, team members should have a clear understanding about the strategic goals thereby reducing uncertainties in decision making. Implementation of the pricing strategy, customer service and product development will definitely improve the firm’s performance. For the successful implementation of strategy there should be integration among the strategy implementation team and functionality between the various departments within the organization. If the corporate culture within the internal environment copes up with the rapid changes of external environment, the performance of the organization increases. Quality of communications plays a major role in the selection of strategy process. High quality communications within the organization can improve the firm’s market performance. Concerning the distribution of products, organisational and tactical planning needs to be done by selling of products through multiple retail stores in attractive ways by: improving the ambience introducing new products through a trial including beneficial offers or discount rates to stay competitive introducing raffle draws to allure customers JUST IN TIME strategy will reduce the storage cost of raw materials and as a result, the company can have a better margin over each product they sell. It is important for an organization to be well aware of the software potentials to improve the organizations efficiency. Employee empowerment in an organization can be done by: providing necessary skills to the employees providing them authority to take up right decisions required for their job providing adequate information and resources to do their job rewarding the employees for their hard work building confidence in them Human resource management can improve the organizational performance by: Introduction of leadership training programs and enhancing the skills and capabilities of the employees mentoring by the senior employees to give deep insight to the kind of work they are doing promoting positive attitudes and increasing motivation and job satisfaction increasing budget scales to allow experimentation within the company in order to take risks to meet the rapid changes of the external environment Allotting responsibilities to the employees so that they can make full use of their capabilities. These are the ways to improve the relationship of the employees within the company, thus producing highly committed employees in the development of the company. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In conclusion, L’Oreal is still the market leader in the cosmetic industry of Thailand because it is providing quality products to its customers. They need to pay more attention to the relationships within the organization and between Tailor and Siampar as this will help them achieve their goals in the future. . Last but not least, well skills of managing conflicts, politics, controlling of power and the structured decision-making approaches within the organization structure and culture will assist L’Oreal Thailand to tackle with the challenges and come with a positive financial performance in order to remain the leader of cosmetics industry in Thailand. We would like to recommend the following to L’Oreal Thailand, firstly that each department should have a different decision making processes. Secondly the Managers should and need to learn from their mistakes as this will help them gain new information from their past failures. Thirdly they need to avoid the conflicts within the organization, the company should implement matrix organization to run the organization by listening more different ideas and respect the voice of colleagues, so the problem solving can be more flexible and objective. Next the company should find out the current trends in the market and try to differentiate their product in order to face competitions. Finally the managers need to motivate the employees if they want the best from all of them.

Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Case Study Essay

Andrew Barker, a brand manager for Snapple beverages at the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., must assess whether or not a profitable market opportunity exists for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed, and distributed by the company in 2008. He has about 3 months to determine the market opportunity. SWOT. Strengths| Weaknesses| * Strong portfolio of leading consumer-preferred brands * Integrated business model * Strong customer relationships * Attractive positioning within a large, growing, and profitable market * Broad geographic manufacturing and distribution coverage * Strong operating margins and significant, stable cash flows * Experienced executive management team| * Currently the only major domestic nonalcoholic beverage company in the US without a significant branded energy drink of its own * Company bottlers and distributors do not serve all areas of the US (by early 2008, 80% of the US market) * Market is already established| Opportunities| Threats|. * Integrated business model provides opportunities for net sales and profit growth through the alignment of the economic interests of its brand ownership and its bottling and distribution businesses * Carbonated beverages were the 4th largest nonalcoholic beverage category in the US in 2006 and the fasted growing beverage category * Average US per capita consumption of energy beverage drinkers increased by 14% since 2004| . * Industry analysts project an average annual growth rate of 10.5% from 2007 to 2011 (down 32% from 2001-2006) which is attributed to market maturity, increased price and packaging competition, and the entrance of hybrid energy beverages, such as energy water, energy fruit drinks, ready-to-drink energy teas, and energy colas * Energy beverage consumers limit their choice to only 1.4 different brands, which suggests brand loyalty in this market. * 5 Major brands (Red Bull, Hansen, Pepsi-Cola, Rockstar and Coca-Cola) dominate the US energy beverage market, accounting for 94% of dollar sales and unit volume. * The energy beverage market has experience product proliferation and price erosion in recent years * Energy beverage prices declined 30% from 2001-2006| Critical Issues * Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. is the only major domestic nonalcoholic beverage company in the US without a significant branded energy drink of its own. * 5 Major brands (Red Bull, Hansen, Pepsi-Cola, Rockstar and Coca-Cola) dominate the US energy beverage market, accounting for 94% of dollar sales and unit volume. Alternatives. * Do Nothing * The Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. bottling and distribution system should introduce an energy beverage, marketed towards adults, ages 34-54. The Energy beverage should include two flavors, with a regular and sugar free version of each, all available in a standard 16 ounce size, as this segment accounts for the most growth opportunity (150%). Advertising and expenditures for the new energy drink brand need to avenues through social media, TV, print, event, etc., as the market is very competitive and consumers are extremely brand loyal. Advertising should include free handouts of the beverage, or ‘trials’, to generate buzz and get consumers to try the product. The new product should be able to stand out when next to other energy drinks, maybe package it in a unique bottle, such as glass. They should supply all off-premise retailers, focusing on the convenience stores first, as they account for the most retail dollar sales, and then moving into the supermarkets and mass merchandisers. The new beverage should be priced a little higher than average, at $2.50 per single-serve package.

The crucible role of abigail in the play Essays

The crucible role of abigail in the play Essays The crucible role of abigail in the play Paper The crucible role of abigail in the play Paper What is the role of Abigail Williams in the play The Crucible and to what extent did she cause what happened in Salem? As an actor or director what qualities to you consider important for this role? The Crucible is a play written by Aruthur Miller as an historical allegory for the 1950s communist witch hunt in America. However, The Crucible is mainly a play which allows the reader to see deeply into the human condition, the good and the bad and makes the reader think about loyalty, their own and the loyalty of others as they continue through the play. Throughout the play we see many sides of Abigails character which changes and develops as the situation in Salem does. In the play Abigail is evidently the villian; lying and manipulating her friends and other people in the village. Abigail plays one of the most important parts in the Crucible. She is a catalyst and a protagonist fuelling the fire, and starting many of the accusations in Salem. Abigail is first introduced as seventeen and strikingly beautiful, she is also decribed as an orphan which makes us initially feel sorry for her. Also from her description we assume she has good intentions. This stereotype is confirmed when she tells Parris, on page seven, that she did dance and that he should tell the town she confessed it. This is partially so that she would not get into any more trouble but also to stop the talk of witchcraft in the town, therefore meanning she began with good intentions. The fact that she did begin with good intentions gives the reader an idea that she did not intend to let the happenings in Salem get that far. During the play she sees an oppurtunity to further her station in the society of the time and to take revenge on the one person who is keeping her from the man she loves: John Proctor. Throughout the play Abigail shows one pure emotion which is love. I think that she truly believes John loves her as she is convinced hell love her yet as he knows her. She also feels quite vunerable as she saw Indians smash her parents heads and cannot believe that the man she loves has used her. Also one can argue that a corrupt society breeds corruption and this is so in the case of Salem. Compaired to some of the other so called role models in Salem, Abbie is not particularly corrupt. In some aspects Abigail is rebelling against a corrupt society, combatting modesty with running naked running through the trees and the working ethic by dancing in the forest. Miller has filled Salem with corrupt people. Ironically, the most corrupt soul is infact Parris the reverend of Salem a popous, proud man. He appears to only care about his repuation, and repeates my ministry to Abigail showing that he does not care for his job only his position. Also the Putnams, both twisted, greedy souls who in the play accused people so that they may buy their land. It seems that even though Abigail sent people to her deaths she did so in the name of love; not for pride or money. This is ironic as Miller shocks the audience by his use of twisted unrequited love and how far a person would go to try to be with the one they love. However, Abigail definatly sees a weakness in the society and exploits them as she slowly manipulates and gains control of the town for a time before she decided to run off to avoid a punsihment. During the course of the play, she sentences 17 people to their deaths where she could have confessed that she was lying, rather than reap a whores vengence on Elizabeth, John and the rest of the town. Abigail is menecing and spiteful, this means she showed no remorse toward the dead, but rather run away. We can see this towards her treatment of the girls. She uses the hysteria of the witchcraft they did to manipulate the girls as they are scared of her pointy reckoning and the fact that witchcraft is a hanging offense as in Salem society it is going against the thing they all believe they live for, their God. Abigail manipulates the questions asked to her by Hale and turns them to her own advantage to avoid being accused herself. When hale accuses her of witchcraft she blames Tituba, the black slave, saying she hears her singing her barbados songs. However when she decided she wants the spotlight back on her again she takes control of the situation again, this is key after Tituba confesses to working with the devil. Being a good christian, the main ideal of Salems society, Hale forgives her in the name of the lord and she starts to name witches. Abbie who is afraid takes control again so she cannot be named herself. She puts herself on a pedestal so that she can be in control of a life that would have been set for her otherwise. She becomes so powerful that Mary Warren cannot charge murder on her because Mary is afraid that Abigail will kill her. During court she changes the subject to suit her motives. This allows the judges to see only what she wants them to see. On page 87, at court when she believes she is being mistrusted she turns the arument around and acts as a victim. This shows great disrespect for the people she has sentenced to their deaths. She also changes the subject and refuses to answer questions regarding John, shouting that she will not have such looks and turns to leave when she is accused. To sentence many people to their deaths and create lies and deceit Abigail causes a great extent of what happens in the town of Salem using the lies and gossip in the town to her own advantage. Abigail has many different qualities throughout the play. I think the most important qualities is her outward appearance. The most noticable aspect of her outward appearance are her strikingly beautiful looks. If it wasnt for these John Proctor wouldnt have thought of her softly therefore her idea that John loved her would not have put her in so much trouble. Also her looks made her resent the corrupted society of Salem, mainly because of the way the men of the town treat her. We see this especially in the film, where she is wolf whistled at on the way to the Putnams house. She also appears to look innocent throughout the film and hides her feelings well. This enables her to lie convincingly to everyone in the village. We associate angels with being beautiful like Abigail, this strengthens the idea that she is infact with God instead of doing the devils witch. Abaigail also has the ability to be a convincing and manupulating. This is the other key quality to performing this role. She is convincingly threatening when she talks to the girls. This is her first main outburst, scaring the girls with a pointy reckoning. This fear she instilled allows her to control the girls. She also controlles Danforth outside the courtroom with a similar technique telling him to beware, realising what she has said she quickly changes the subject. However I believe that Danforth was very aware of Abigails power after that. Crutially Abigail has to be convincing in the courtroom or she would not have had such power of the town. This is crucial to the whole plot. If nobody had believed her then the plot would have taken a completely different turn; stopping the allegory as Miller had intended. There was many separate causes to what happened in Salem in the crucible. Many people believe it was completely Abigails fault. They are partially right due to the fact on the first few nights of her being in charge thirty-nine women were accused. But the question still stands to what extent of her fault was it. Abigail confessed to dancing and pleaded Paris to allow her to in the beginning. However this has to be weighed against her plotting and manipulating of the town which came to her at her beckon call. Also other characters in the town used the hysteria to their own advantages, for things like land. I believe that Abigail was mostly to blame, however she did not start the mess that happened, however acted at a catalyst, quickening the pace of the accusations and excecutions which eventually lead to the hanging of John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse, two fairly upright names in the town. Her acting as a catalyst also lead to the power of theocracy breaking and good names being soiled because of her childish lust.

Sustainable Housing in United Kingdom Dissertation

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Ethical and psychological Egoism Essay Example for Free

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Online Ticket Booking System Information Technology Essay

Online Ticket Booking System Information Technology Essay Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any assignment depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this assignment. I would like to show my greatest appreciation to Lecturer, Ms. Nayeema Rahman. I cant say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this assignment would not have materialized. Abstract The purpose of the online ticket booking system is to provide another way for purchasing cinema tickets in advance. It is an automatic system. This paper presents a formal use of the Object Oriented analysis and Design, we will illustrate our system by providing Use Case Diagrams with Specifications, Activity Diagrams, Class Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams, State Machines and Communication Diagrams on the functionalities of the system, also we will provide some process description and data dictionary. The goals of our system are: Record performance details Record customer details Record tickets sold Print tickets Print address labels for telephone booking Task 1: Functional Modelling Identification of Actors Use Cases Analyzing the existing system we figured out that, there are two main scopes to be covered in the system. The scopes are Performance Planning and Ticket Booking. We used the below table to identify the Actors and the Use Cases for the system. User Role Use Case Theatre Manager Performance planning Define the type of the performance and name it. Performance scheduling Define date and time of the performance. Artist booking Book an artist for the performance. Ticket pricing Determine a price for the ticket. Clerk Check schedule Check the performance schedule for a particular show on a date. Check seat availability Checks for available seats Capture customer information Record customer details Check ticket price Check for ticket price for particular show. Sell ticket Record tickets sold. Print ticket Print ticket for the customer. Print address label Print address label for telephone booking. Use Case Diagram Following diagram shows the overall view of the Ticket Booking System for Theatre. Figure 1: Use Case Diagram (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Use Case Specification Table 1: Use Case of Performance Planning Number: UC01 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Performance Planning Status: Actors: Theatre Manager Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Goal: Defining the performance type and naming it. Use Case Relationships: Extend:UC02, UC03 Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User enters the name of the performance. 2 User enters the type of the performance. 3 System checks for all required data entry. 4 System connects to the database. 5 System writes data into the database. 6 System shows a confirmation message after successful database writes. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 3.1 Enter required information. A 4.1 Check network connectivity A 4.2 Check database connectivity A 4.3 Check database user role A 5.1 Theatre manager gets notification of unsuccessful operation. Table 2: Use Case of Performance Scheduling Number: UC02 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Performance Scheduling Status: Actors: Theatre Manager Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Performance planning (UC01) should be inserted into the system. Goal: Define date and time of the performance. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects the desired performance from the system. 2 User enters the date of the performance. 3 User enters the time of the performance. 4 System checks for all required data entry. 5 System connects to the database. 6 System writes data into the database. 7 System shows a confirmation message after successful database writes. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 3.1 Enter required information. A 5.1 Check network connectivity A 5.2 Check database connectivity A 5.3 Check database user role A 6.1 Theatre manager gets notification of unsuccessful operation. Table 3: Use Case of Artist Booking Number: UC03 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Artist Booking Status: Actors: Theatre Manager Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Performance planning (UC01) should be inserted into the system. Goal: Book an artist for the performance. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects the desired performance from the system. 2 User enters the name of the desired artist. 3 System checks for all required data entry. 4 System connects to the database. 5 System writes data into the database. 6 System shows a confirmation message after successful database writes. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 3.1 Enter required information. A 4.1 Check network connectivity A 4.2 Check database connectivity A 4.3 Check database user role A 5.1 Theatre manager gets notification of unsuccessful operation. Table 5: Use Case of Schedule Checking Number: UC04 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Schedule Checking Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Performance scheduling (UC02) should be inserted into the system. Goal: Check the performance schedule for a particular show on a date. Use Case Relationships: Extend: UC01 Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects a desired performance and a date. 2 System shows a confirmation message for the availability of the performance. 3 System allows the user to perform the next event (UC06). Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 1.1 System notifies the user that the performance is unavailable on the desired date. Table 6: Use Case of Check Seat Availability Number: UC05 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Check Seat Availability Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Schedule checking (UC05) should be performed by the user. Goal: Checks for available seats. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects a desired performance and a date. 2 System shows a confirmation message for the availability of the seat. 3 System allows the user to perform the next event (UC07). Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 1.1 System notifies the user that the seat is unavailable for the desired performance. Table 7: Use Case of Capturing Customer Information Number: UC06 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Capture Customer Information Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Seat checking (UC06) should be performed by the user. Goal: Record customer details. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User enters the name, address and telephone number of the customer. 2 System checks for all required data entry. 3 System connects to the database. 4 System writes data into the database. 5 System shows a confirmation message after successful database writes. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 2.1 Enter required information. A 3.1 Check network connectivity A 3.2 Check database connectivity A 3.3 Check database user role A 4.1 User gets notification of unsuccessful operation. Table 8: Use Case of Checking Ticket Price Number: UC07 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Check Ticket Price Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Ticket pricing information (UC04) should be entered into the system. Goal: Check for ticket price for particular show Use Case Relationships: Extend: UC01 Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects a desired performance form the system. 2 System shows the defined pricing for the ticket. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 2.1 Price not found is notified to the user. Table 9: Use Case of Selling Ticket Number: UC08 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Selling Ticket Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Check ticket price (UC08) should be performed by the user. Goal: Record tickets sold. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects the desired performance from the system. 2 User enters ticket selling date and the ticket price for the desired performance. 3 System checks for all required data entry. 4 System connects to the database. 5 System writes data into the database. 6 System shows a confirmation message after successful database writes. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 3.1 Enter required information. A 4.1 Check network connectivity A 4.2 Check database connectivity A 4.3 Check database user role A 5.1 Theatre manager gets notification of unsuccessful operation. Table 10: Use Case of Printing Ticket Number: UC09 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Printing Ticket Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Check ticket price (UC08) should be performed by the user. Goal: Print ticket for the customer Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User triggers the print command for the sold ticket. Alternatives: Index Actor Event A 1.1 Printer not found notification will be given to the user. Table 11: Use Case of Checking Ticket Booking Type Number: UC10 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Check Ticket Booking Type Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Print ticket (UC10) should be performed by the user. Goal: Determine the ticket booking type. Use Case Relationships: Extend: Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User selects the booking type to identify whether the ticket was booked over phone. Alternatives: Index Actor Event Table 12: Use Case of Printing Address Label Number: UC11 Req. Doc Ref: Name: Print Address Label Status: Actors: Clerk Pre-requisites: User should be logged in the system. Ticket booking type (UC11) should be performed by the user. Goal: Print address label for telephone booking Use Case Relationships: Extend: UC11 Include: Association: Generalization: Description: Index Actor Event 1 User triggers the print command to print the address label. Alternatives: Index Actor Event Activity Diagram Based on the system observation, a high level activity diagram is drawn modelling the process of ticket booking for theatre. The activity diagram will bring everybody on a common ground for understanding the system functionalities. Figure 2: Activity Diagram (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Task 2: Structural Modelling Class Diagram (attributes operations) The following diagram depicts the relationships between the classes for Ticket Booking System along with the attributes and the operations. Figure 3: Class Diagram (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Task 3: Behavioural Modelling Sequence Diagram The following diagram is a sequence diagram for buying ticket. There are few things I want to state, that this is just one of the sequences of buying ticket. There could be more alternative sequence for buying ticket. For example, we can choice a performance before buying ticket. But the overall structures of all buying ticket sequence are similar, so, others sequence will not be shown. Figure 4: Sequence Diagram (Create Performance) Figure 5: Sequence Diagram (Schedule Performance) Figure 6: Sequence Diagram (Set price) Figure 7: Sequence Diagram (Sell tickets) State Machine Diagram Below diagram is used to give an abstract description of the behaviour of the ticket booking system. This behaviour is analyzed and represented in series of events that could occur in one or more possible states. Hereby each diagram usually represents objects of a single class and tracks the different states of its objects through the system. Figure 8: State Machine Diagram (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Communication Diagram Communication diagram is similar to sequence diagrams, but it provides an overview of the relationships between objects, rather than focusing on the order of messages between objects, as the software executes. Figure 9: Communication Diagram (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Task 4: Data Protection Law Introduction In Bangladesh Cyber Acts are in a process to be implemented. The Government of Bangladesh has formed National Council for Science and Technology (NCST). The Executive Committee for NCST has also been formed to implement policies formulated by the Council. Currently NCST is working with the general boundaries to protect the ICT industry and specific laws are yet to be decided. For our application we can follow the acts and regulations from UK. Laws, Regulations and Best Practices The Data Protection Act gives individuals the right to know what information is held about them. It provides a framework to ensure that personal information is handled properly. The Act works in two ways. Firstly, it states that anyone who processes personal information must comply with eight principles, which make sure that personal information is: Fairly and lawfully processed Processed for limited purposes Adequate, relevant and not excessive Accurate and up to date Not kept for longer than is necessary Processed in line with your rights Secure Not transferred to other countries without adequate protection The second area covered by the Act provides individuals with important rights, including the right to find out what personal information is held on computer and most paper records. Data protection laws should be adequate enough to maintain the below options at a minimum- How to access information This allows one to find out what information is held about him/her on a computer and within some manual records, such as medical records, files held by public bodies and financial information held by credit reference agencies. Correcting information This allows one to apply to a court to order a data controller to correct, block, remove or destroy personal details if they are inaccurate or contain expressions of opinion based on inaccurate information. Preventing processing of information This means one can ask a data controller not to process information about him/her that causes substantial unwarranted damage or distress. The data controller is not always bound to act on the request. Preventing unsolicited marketing This means a data controller is required not to process information about one for direct marketing purposes if he/she asks them not to. Preventing automated decision making This means one can object to decisions made only by automatic means. For example, where there is no human involvement. Claiming compensation This allows one to claim compensation through the courts from a data controller for damage, and in some cases distress, caused by any breach of the act. Exempt information This allows one to ask the information commissioner to investigate and assess whether the data controller has breached the act. There should be a committee (in our case NCTS could be the choice) that will have legal powers to ensure that organizations comply with the requirements of the data protection laws. It is notable here that these powers are focused on ensuring that organizations meet the obligations of the act. To promote best practices the regulation- The committee should carry out consensual audits with data controllers to assess their processing of personal information. The committee should see auditing as a constructive process with real benefits for data controllers. The committee should adopt, wherever possible, a participative approach including working closely with the data controller to agree the timing and scope of the audit. Comply with Data Protection Law A short checklist can help us to comply with the data protection laws in our system. Maintaining all the items in the checklist does guarantee compliance but it should mean that we are heading in the right direction. We should store only the related information about the customer and the personnels involved with the system. And we need to make sure that we know what we are going to do with the information. The person should know, what are the information we are holding. He/she should understand what it will be used for. Information should be held securely whether its on the paper or on computer. The system should prevent any unwanted access of its resources. The information should be deleted as soon as there is no need for it. Access control list should be created with a strict need to know to prevent data access from all kind of users of the system. We should train the stuff in their duties and responsibilities under the act that we are putting them in to practice. Recommendations Being a strategic regulator means that, in so far as we have a choice, we have to be selective with our interventions. We will therefore apply our limited resources in ways that deliver the maximum return in terms of a sustained reduction in data protection risk. That is the risk of harm through improper use of personal information. There are priorities we have to set. We need to focus most attention on situations where there is a real likelihood of serious harm. We also need to focus on situations where our intervention is most likely to make a long term as well as a short term difference. When we intervene we must do so in a way that gives us the best possible return and remember that we will often be at our most effective when working closely with others. We are entitled to have legitimate expectations of those who are in a position to influence data protection risk. Our effectiveness depends on them seeking and welcoming our reasonable interventions. Furthermore we have an important international role. Data protection risk in the Bangladesh is increasingly influenced by events worldwide. Our risk-based approach is in line with good regulatory practice. It does not mean that we seek to remove all data protection risk. We do what we can to moderate the most serious risks and protect those who are most vulnerable to improper use of their information. But we will not try to take away freedom of choice and will remember that individuals themselves ought to be best placed to make decisions about their own interests. Part of our job is to equip individuals with the knowledge and tools to enable them to make their own well-informed decisions about the use and disclosure of their personal information. Being a strategic regulator also means extending our approach beyond simply improving (through guidance, persuasion and regulatory action) the behaviour of organisations that handle personal information. We also have a legitimate role in informing and influencing the market or political environment in which they operate. Thus we will seek to have long term influence over government and the legislature at Westminster and in the devolved administrations as well as over representative bodies and other stakeholders, to ensure privacy friendly outcomes. We will also seek to influence the legal framework that governs our own work to ensure that data protection requirements are simple, meaningful and proportionate and that we have the flexibility and tools to regulate effectively. Building public confidence in data protection is the key in our approach. We protect people, not just information. This means we need to engage with the public and explain what we do in a way that they can easily understand and relate to. This commitment is at the heart of how we approach our job as data protection regulator and will inform all our data protection tasks including complaints handling and the provision of advice. Task 5: Ticket Printing Produce Tickets To protect the tickets from being forged or copied we can use a barcode on each ticket. Well print a unique 10-digit number as a barcode on the tickets, which will be checked at the entrance with the software and a simple barcode scanner. As each barcode can only be used once to enter, copied or forged tickets are rejected and the revenues are protected. By default, the tickets will be labeled with random numbers with 10 digits, which will serve as copy protection. Figure 10: Sample barcode to print on tickets Seat Allocation Tickets will be printed with seat numbers, with serial numbers. Section names can be in different colours to facilitate orientation. For sections with an aisle a seat description can be added to the seat number (e.g. left, right), which helps the visitor to find the seat. Figure 11: Sample barcode to print on ticket with seat no. Hardware for printing tickets There are numerous tickets available in the market but I found D-Link printers suitable for our system. Below are the details of the hardware- Description: With the DSA-3100 and the DSA-3100P Ticket Printer, businesses and organizations can provide free or fee-based broadband Internet access to their customers or members. No complex billing system is required, guaranteeing a quick and convenient Internet experience for operators and their hot spot users. The DSA-3100P is hassle-free hot spot ticket printer that communicates with the DSA-3100 Public/Private Gateway to generate and print log-in usernames and passwords for the hot spot customers. Patented for easy loading, the DSA-3100P is connected to the DSA-3100 gateway via its RS-232 serial communication. With the DSA-3100P, the DSA-3100 gateway can manage and store up to 2,000 user accounts in its internal database and support up to 50 logged-in users at any time. Features: Printing Method: Thermal Dot Line Printing Print Speed: 80 mm/Second Connectivity: RS-232 Serial Compatibility: D-Link DSA-3100 Public/Private Gateway Specification: Manufacturer D-Link Manufacturer Part # DSA-3100P Device Type Thermal Line Label Printer Media Handling Media Type Receipt Paper Max Media Size 2.2 Max Printing Width 1.9 Roll Maximum Outer Diameter 3.3 Total Capacity 1 Roll Connectivity Interfaces 1 x RS-232 Serial Included Cables 1 x Serial Cable Power Requirements Power Supply External, 3.5 V DC Dimensions(H X W X D) Unit 4.6 x 3.8 x 6.3 Weight Unit 0.9 lbs Price: $375 Figure 12: D-Link DSA-3100P Ticket Printer Task 6: Database Design Database Design Figure 13: Database Design (Performance Planning Ticket Booking) Data Dictionary Table: Artist Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table ArtistID Integer Yes ArtistName Varchar 100 Table: Performance Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table PerformanceID Integer Yes PerformanceName Varchar 100 TicketPriceID Integer TicketPrice ArtistID Integer Artist Table: TicketPrice Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table TicketPriceID Integer Yes PerformanceID Integer Performance TicketPrice Numeric (18,2) Table: PerformanceSchedule Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table ScheduleID Integer Yes PerformanceID Integer Performance PerformanceDate Date Table: Customer Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table CustomerID Integer Yes Name Varchar 100 Address Varchar 250 Telephone Varchar 20 Table: Sales Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. Table SalesID Integer Yes PerformanceID Integer Performance ScheduleID Integer PerformanceSchedule TicketPriceID Integer TicketPrice CustomerID Integer Customer BookingType Boolean Table: SeatAllocation Attribute Data Type Length Primary Key Ref. 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