Thomas Friedman †Generation Q

Journal: Thomas Friedman – Generation Q This article by Thomas Friedman covers how our generation, ‘Generation Q’, is the â€Å"quiet generation† that holds ideals and hopes that can change the world – if only we weren’t so quiet. Friedman explains that our generation has a various range of idealism but we are not brave enough to come forth and express our points. In his opinion we are not as outraged as we should be. Friedman’s claim is not something new; he is more elaborate by specifying the problem, which is on politics.Friedman explains that we need to get offline and get active within the community to truly make any politicians listen to what we need as the next coming generation. He feels our generation has become too quiet because of what technology has brought. He criticizes our generation by saying we waste time on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. I agree that various social networking sites aren’t going to help us solve problems such as global warming.However, I strongly believe that technology has many positives that Friedman fails to recognize. He talks a lot about what his generation used to do, however he does not take into consideration that there are many factors that have differentiated ‘Generation Q’ from his generation. I feel it is also worth noting that our generation is raised with much emphasis given to higher education. This is mainly why most students are concerned with their collegiate bubble! After reading this article I would propose a few questions to Friedman.Firstly, why should ‘Generation Q’ be help responsible to clean the mess earlier generations left behind? Secondly, how do you expect college students to sort out political issues when we already have our hands full with college? Lastly, have you considered the empowering nature of technology in the world today? For example, it can do wonders to spread awareness. Friedman put a lot of expectation for ‘Generation Q’ to be as identical as his generation. He must realize that each generation has their own way to be politically active.

Critical Analysis of Sustainabilty in Marketing Essay

Focus on sustainability has appeared on the face of the earth over the last ten years and a lot of books and articles are published on the topic of sustainability. Early on, John Elkington developed and promoted the concept of â€Å"Triple Bottom Line† in his book Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business which was published in late 1999 (Creating a Sustainable Organization: Approaches for Enhancing Corporate value through Sustainability By Peter A. Soyka, Pg. 1) The concept of sustainability is transformed to cover three basic components known as the Triple Bottom Line which are complexly linked to one another: profits-it is the economical part that balances financial growth with awareness and concern for the social good and environmental stewardship; planet-it is the environmental part that safeguards and preserves the natural qualities of our ecosystem for the benefit and health of future generations; people-it is the social equity part that safe guards the benefits of opportunity and equality for every individual. See more: how to write a critical analysis essay step by step The growing importance of sustainable development establishes a significant and developing challenge for environmental economics and natural resources. This challenge is such big that if it is not measured and controlled then it will ruin the life of the future generations that’s the reason why every field now a days strive to work hard to have Sustainable Value Creation (SVC). The question arises what is sustainability, a more relevant answer is provided by The Brundtland commission (1987) which says to be sustainable is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While this looks clear but if we observe it thoroughly and closely there are some complications and difficulties in it (Smart Green: How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in Any Industry-and Make Money By Jonathan Estes page 6-8). The first problem which is a marketing problem is in the needs of the present and no one today knows of what level of needs we are talking about. The second difficulty is an ethical question that relates to the future and intergenerational justice, how we know what the needs of the future generations will be and how far do we look into the future? These two questions i.e. marketing and ethical must be explained much more clearly and  precisely than the definition of the sustainability suggests. The world economies currently face many challenges in the domain of public and commercial policy and one of the most crucial challenges they are facing is sustainable development. According to the projections of United Nations (UN) on population growth, the population of the world will most likely reach nine (9) billion people by the year 2050 with most of the growth taking place in emerging and developing countries. It is the commitment of UN to improve environmental and social performance associated with sustainable development. It seems that it is highly unlikely to achieve the goals set by the UN with current unbalanced consumptio n, marketing and production practices. KEY IDEAS OF SUSTAINABLE MARKETING: SUSTAINABLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Creating consumer demand for sustainable products and services is not an easy task because the consumers traditionally behave to maximize their own utility. Many consumers think that anything which is good for the entire society in the long term is always the best option for the individuals in the short term and unfortunately for most of the consumers the positive attitudes toward sustainable development is not shown in their actual consumer behavior and purchases. There are differences in what people say and what they actually do. Sustainable consumer behavior can be enhanced by positioning sustainable behavior with consumers’ self-interest and by making sure that this self-interest is understood and recognized thoroughly and can be acted upon (Encouraging Sustainable Behavior: Psychology and the Environment edited by Hans C.M. van Trijp page 3, 4). Consumers when they consume sustainably also behave in a way that shows or signals there superiority over others. Marketing efforts should be made to enhance sustainable consumption that leads to reduction in the trait of signaling instinct i.e. our inclination to signal to others that we hold valued traits. SUSTAINABLE MARKETING STRATEGY AND PRACTICE The objective of sustainable marketing is to include and combine the environmental concerns in the marketing effort; this means that if the consumers are given better, more complete and more concise information on the sustainable products offered to them this will drive more and more  companies to produce products and services that are good for the environment. Sustainable marketing can take the strategies of conventional marketing to promote sustainable products and services not only by labelling the green products but also from working with positioning strategies of product, promotion, price and placement and rigorously engaging in market creation by addressing a large number of customers. The company’s marketing strategy throughout the supply chain from product development to consumption should include sustainability in it. Many companies are focusing on the implementation of sustainable consumption; they are finding the ways to direct the people’s thinking to forthcoming challenges and problems by using different marketing and communication strategies that lead to sustainable consumption. Sustainable communication and marketing strategies can make the companies think of their long-term socio-economic influence and the long-term perspective of it; this will help the companies to tell the public about their future program without diminishing their present less environmental performance. EFFECTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING Effective social marketing is a community and pragmatic based approach; it brings very operative behavioral change. This approach has five steps i.e. prudently pick the behaviors to be promoted; identify the benefits and barriers which come with the selected behavior; form a strategy that uses the behavioral-change tools to understand these benefits and barriers; test the strategy on a sample of certain community; and evaluate the effect of the strategy when it is tested on a large scale (Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain by Bevilacqua, MaurizioCiarapica,Filippo Emanuele Giacchetta, Giancarlo, pg 147). Social marketing is different from commercial marketing it takes into account the changes in behavior that contributes social gains while commercial marketing’s objective is to produce financial gains by selling products and services. There are five important areas where social marketing focuses very heavily and they are; communit y involvement, health promotion, environmental protection, financial well-being and injury prevention (Social marketing: A pathway to consumption reduction? Ken Peattie, Sue Peattie. Pg. 262-264) TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL MARKETING TO SUSTAINABLE MARKETING Marketing has now changed itself it has a sustainability feature in nearly all of the  marketing practices. It is now somewhat compulsory for the companies to consider sustainability in all of their strategic marketing practices and marketing mix. It is a very distinctive and objective task to integrate sustainability in the marketing strategy and at the same time it is not an easy task because marketing strategies are developed by taking into account the needs and wants of the costumers. Previously the companies only tried to fulfill the consumer demand whether it has an adverse effect on nature or environment but now more companies are forming sustainable marketing strategies that makes relationships with customers better by fulfilling their demands and results in good profitability of the company and have good impact on nature and environment. Paettie and Belz (2010) after years of research came up with the idea of 4C’s i.e. (Cost, Communication, Costumer cost and Costumer Solution) and tried to mold traditional marketing Mix i.e. 4P’s (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) into 4C’s (Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy: Beginning of new era Vinod Kumar, Zillur Rahman, A. A. Kazmi and Praveen Goyal, pg 486-487). SUSTAINABLE MARKETING- CHALLENGES AND ISSUES Developing a sustainable marketing strategy is not an easy task because there are some issues and challenges that should be dealt carefully and prudently before going on with the strategy. The issue is what sustainability principles demand is that we need to conserve the resources and consume less of it and at the same time marketing principles demands to sell or produce more which means consume more natural resources (jones et al 2008). The challenge is how to balance this discrepancy and which means that sustainable marketing strategies should be developed that still result in profits but not creating negative impact on the society or environment. The process of arising of a problem and solving it is an ongoing process one may come up with an idea or solution to an issue but there would be some problems with that solution too (Charter et al 2006). A good thing of sustainable marketing is not only competitive advantage but it also gives rise to innovation and reduction in costs. CONCLUSION The Marketing concept now has redefined which was acknowledged only as a functional concept and this concept is now dying and losing its grip on the  world stage. Now the redefined concept of marketing is strategic business concept that is intended to attain sustainable satisfaction for the three main players or stakeholders i.e shareholders, the costumers and people in the organization. The concept of sustainability marketing strategy started from ecological issues has now come to discuss sustainability issues. A company may have a sustainable marketing strategy if it involves sustainability in its business practices especially the marketing practices. The companies have to resolve the traditional issues and challenges which come in the way of implementing sustainability in their marketing strategies and then it will be a win-win situation for both the costumer and company. It has now becoming an informal moral obligation for a company to be sustainable. In this new era marketing and in the future, the companies have to be sustainable to compete on the world stage. REFERENCES Creating a Sustainable Organization: Approaches for Enhancing Corporate value through Sustainability by Peter A. Soyka, Pg. 1, Smart Green: How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in Any Industry-and Make Money By Jonathan Estes page 6-8, Encouraging Sustainable Behavior: Psychology and the Environment edited by Hans C.M. van Trijp page 3-4, Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain by Bevilacqua, MaurizioCiarapica,Filippo Emanuele Giacchetta, Giancarlo, pg 147, Social marketing: A pathway to consumption reduction? Ken Peattie, Sue Peattie. Pg. 262-264, Product, Price, Place and Promotion) into 4C’s (Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy: Beginning of new era Vinod Kumar, Zillur Rahman, A. A. Kazmi and Praveen Goyal, pg 486-487, Jones et al 2008,

Electronic marketing essay about How can the Internet and related

Electronic marketing about How can the Internet and related technologies assist organisations with creating customer value through personalisation and mass customisation - Essay Example Trial and error design is also a new tool in this case to check the user adaptability into a certain new product before getting it into the market in a fully fledged style. Normally the outcome is a perfectly designed product that gets appreciation from the users & consumers. The whole concept of mass customisation is that the users customise these products in their own ways. However; it is evident from this approach that if the user is not interested in the customisation of the certain product, then there is no need of customising it and pursuing through it. This essay will explain the relationship between the mass customisation strategies and the personalisation techniques which make up the basis for a customer to analyse the products in their own style and then help the companies make decisions regarding the empowerments and the use of technology. This actually empowers the customers to choose among different products by looking through them and feeling them in a way themselves, and making a selection through this process that leads to a successful product development in the market. This in turn influences the customers’ thinking patterns in terms of the product selection and then the right kind of product / item is chosen which brings along greater satisfaction and greater amount of self-motivation for the customers. And, also this way the customer take charge of what they are using by selection process. Personalisation concept was not implemented when it was first proposed almost thirty years back; however it is being applied now after so many years after the advent of IT and internet. Since the companies are using the internet more and more for their betterment and empowering the customers to make partial decisions on their behalves. Personalisation has recently become totally a part of ebusiness, as this concept indicates many things that the theorists and the practitioners would love to know about in

Role of the Church in the French Revolution Term Paper

Role of the Church in the French Revolution - Term Paper Example In addition to this declaration by the different kings, there was the element of kings having a theory â€Å"Theory of the Divine Right of Kings†, and from this, the church was responsible for having kings proclaim that they ruled by the will of God. This made them close to being of a divine nature in that they were not responsible to any man or creature on earth, but rather to God. The role of the church, therefore, was imposition of earthly leadership upon the people of France and supporting through religious values that were considered to be highly misguided during the revolution. However, in the period before the revolution, the church vested large amounts of power in the monarchy such that kings during this period exercised unlimited powers and the church did nothing about the evils that royalty committed. The church by the original vestment of spiritual leadership in France did not condemn any of the activities that royalty engaged in at any given, which was inclusive of wasteful practices by the leaders, as well as arbitral tax increments. This role of the church was indicative of negligence to the plight of the people, which was part of why the French revolution took place as the church backed every decision that the absolute made including execution and dispensation of justice, as well denial of basic rights to subjects, who were the French people. In addition to this, the church brought about confusion amongst the subjects of France by having overlapping duties and roles with the then government, or rather governments as this took place over a long time. Dispensation of justice was one of the parts that brought this confusion, where it contributed heavily to lack of justice and uniform law under which subjects could be governed. In France, there were three courts whose roles overlapped, one of them was the church’s court, whose rulings, and laws were contradictory with the royal and financial courts leading to

Issues in Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues in Global Business - Essay Example Modern franchising can perhaps best be thought of as a method of organization that combines large and small business into a single administrative unit. In a franchise system one large firm, often called the parent company, grants or sells the right to distribute its products or use its trade name and processes to a number of smaller firms2. The use of contracts in franchising also varies from the standard approaches used in domestic operations. Because of the importance of consistency across outlets (both franchised and corporate-owned), the primary research focus of franchising has been on understanding how best to ensure that the franchisee delivers the business format service as specified by the franchisor. Typically, it is believed that this can be achieved through well-designed contract mechanisms such as fees and royalties. However, contracts become more difficult to monitor and enforce in the international environment as a result of time and distance3. The use of standard contracts that is common in the domestic setting is less common internationally where contracts are usually modified for host country laws and cultural differences. Even the use of a contract often takes on a different meaning in the diverse cultural and legal environments of international business4. (Table 1). Finally, the importance of the foreign franchisee to overall operations relative to that of most individual domestic franchisees is often greater as well. First, in international franchising, the foreign franchisees are often major multinational firms rather than small, independent entrepreneurs. This may be a result of greater awareness by the larger host country firms regarding the franchisor’s business concept5. Such firms also are attractive franchisees due to their strong financial position and longevity in business making them less ‘risky’ partners in an unfamiliar business environment. In Japan, Burger King’s franchise partner is Japan Tobacco, one of

Contemporary Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Concept of Money and Its Creation - Essay Example This paper illustrates that for many centuries since the invention of money as an alternative medium of exchange from the old system that used barter trade, the medium has revolutionalized financial systems. Without the invention of money, one would wonder whether we would have the current financial institutions. The use of money eased the process of making payment and purchasing of items. The process of creating money is often a misunderstood phenomenon. Although many studies show that there are two main institutions tasked with the process of money creation, the process involved in creating money without the manual paper consideration is elusive. The two main institutions involved in the creation of money are the financial banks and the government.It is estimated that about 97% of the money created originates from the banks while only 3% comes from the governments. Using the United States as a case study in describing and assessing the effects and effectiveness of qualitative easin g would provide a platform on how to stabilize economic growth. The narrow form of money is the most common medium of exchange. It is the form of money in circulation within any economy. It consists of coins and notes as well as sight deposit. The site deposits belong to accounts whose owners can make withdrawals without attracting penalties. The narrow form of money is corroborative indicators for the spending regimes. In fact, the form of money used in carrying out most of the day-to-day transactions of services and goods are the narrow form of money. Therefore, narrow money is the main form of exchange involving the monetary value. The zero maturity money is the sum of coins and notes on hold by the private sectors (the non-bakers). For instance, employers pay their employees either by cash or cheque. Besides, these companies used the same form of money to pay and offset their expenditures. Unlike the broad form of money, the narrow form of money gives a clear outlook on the asse ts employed as the medium of exchange.

Managing for future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing for future - Essay Example The management approach of a company differs as per the objectives and intention, but the principal aim is to ensure smooth business transaction and streamlining of the process. In the similar way, the capability of the management of a company holds utmost importance in the process of managing and dealing with the several business challenges. In order, to highlight the importance of managerial capabilities of an organization, this study intends to refer to a real life company. The company chosen in this context is Vodafone. This study therefore seeks to shed light on the management approach and style of Vodafone pertaining to its business environment and business operation. The areas that will be focused upon in this project are corporate social responsibility of the company, sustainability programs being initiated by the company and also the company’s ability to deal with crisis and catastrophe events. The paper will at first present a brief synopsis of Vodafone and short des criptions pertaining to the concepts associated with the subject of concern. Furthermore, the study will also enlighten the efforts put in by the management of the company in the timeframe 2007-2013. Lastly, the study will analyse the competence of Vodafone in these three chosen fields of business by comparing with the current level of proficiency and would develop a scenario of the future in which Vodafone will function. The definition of the key concepts associated with the study will be presented after the brief overview of the company. In light of these concepts, critical review of the current achievements of the company and theoretical models will be presented in a detailed manner. Vodafone: A Brief Overview Vodafone Group plc or commonly known as Vodafone is a UK based telecommunication company involved in telecommunication business. The company was incorporated in the year 1991. Prior to that, Vodafone was known as Racal Telecom, but in the year 1991 only, Vodafone became a n ew identity and was founded in Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom. The company is presently headquartered at London, UK. In terms of the overall revenue and number of subscribers, the company is the 2nd largest mobile telecommunication company of the world. Globally, the pole position has been held by China Mobile. Vodafone has presence in 30 countries of the world and operates with partner networks in around 40 nations. As of 2012, the company employs around 86,400 people (Vodafone, 2012a). The best selling products of the company are mobile telephony, fixed line, and digital television and internet services. However, in the recent past the company has also made tie-ups with mobile phone manufacturers to sell mobile phones under the brand name of Vodafone. The company mainly operates with exclusive retail distribution and exclusive company owned stores. Nevertheless, the advent of technology and stringent competition levels has compelled the company to make their presence online. T hrough their online stores, the company sell their products; allow users to pay their bills etc. Some of the major competitors of the company are 3 mobile, Airtel, France Telecom and Xon Mobile, Telefonica Europe plc, Dutch Telecom among others (Hoovers, 2013). The net revenue of the company in the year 2012 was ?46.417Â  billion and the profit was ?6.957Â  billion. Furthermore, the total asset of the company as of 2012 was

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of School Teachers towards Healthy Research Paper

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of School Teachers towards Healthy Eating, in Dubai, UAE - Research Paper Example Thirdly, the study was focusing on outlining some of the implications caused by inadequate knowledge among educators. The information will offer a glimpse into necessary preventive steps and measures necessary for teachers towards when working towards creating a safe and healthy environment for learners. A healthy society is a society that invests in the health of its generation. Due to this, it is a critical aspect to ensure that the society puts in place workable measures that will promote the healthy development of the children. Children who do not develop in a healthy manner tend to face difficulties later in life (Wang, Monteiro, & Popkin, 2002). As a result, the entire society suffers. It is for this reason that this study sought to investigate and provide solutions to some of the challenges teachers face when providing information on health risks facing children. The researcher made it possible for all the teachers to have a clear understanding of how the value of knowledge among teachers and how it is necessary in fostering learning. It is vital to study and come up with significant ways to ensure that teacher have the right equipment for promoting children’s health. Conducting a study is one of the most important aspects of dealing with an issue. In this case, the researcher sought to lay out some of the problems and challenges facing the entire society. Through the study, it is quite evident that teachers in primary schools require adequate information on healthy living. The research findings give a glimpse of some of the ways that teachers can use in promoting healthy living among children. Due to this, the study is unique in that it focuses on teachers and not just the students. Furthermore, it provides insights into some of the problems facing health educators related to knowledge. It goes a step further and provides insights on how the society can empower the teachers. It is worth noting that providing information is

Dakota world Essay Example for Free

Dakota world Essay In terms of survival and civilization, the story is a question why education is equipped for ones survival? Is the culture of Euro- American defines the development of an individual that disassembles their Native American culture as one that is not capable to stand their community? Yes, the new culture may have the positive objective for their group but the approach to them is definitely a question from the author. So, through her stories, just like the little girl going to a school it reflects her Native race upon drilling to the Euro-American customs(Publication). The actual happenings at school is well illustrated by the author. Regarding the persuasion of the Quaker missionaries to let her attend school, she at eight years old together with other Yankton children was lured about the stories of the Red Apple Country†(Stein). Her hesitation was instantly taken out from the promises of missionaries of the apple orchards. Although she was never been swindled, she gained their trust even though a lot of warnings was advised by her mother. The apple orchards attracted her innocent mind and therefore she accepted the offer of education from the missionaries. Her mother had no other choice but to give way to her daughters’ decision. Her discern was that, even if the transition is hard from the innocence to experience for child, she definitely believes that the education would be fully needed and of great use when more Euro-Americans will settle. Gertrude works are fascinating and the vibrant it forms shows the indignations endured by the Native Americans on Christians hands. She is ardently against with the oppression done by the Euro-American culture so she made a character from them describing it as â€Å"pale-faces† as near part of her language(Giese). From the story of â€Å"Adam and Eve†, Gertrude wisely portray the fall of Eve. It is as a form of metaphor showing the seduction using The Big Red Apples† to the Native Americans by the whites(Kroeber). Because of her ambition to be educated, the snake had the opportunity to seduce Eve. Gertrude created a parallelism from the childhood experiences she encountered with the â€Å"pale-faces† upon their quest in to their community for recruiting Indian children for the missionaries’ school. These group of man who settled into their village seductively promised saying to the little girls that, â€Å"the nice red apples are for those who pick them in the East†(Kroeber). Therefore, in contrast to her mother’s longing, the apple from the forbidden tree was eaten by Gertrude so she headed east. The mastery of Gertrude in using languages and her grapple to Western insinuation made her style in writing very effective. Same as other minority writers, to counterfeit the problem with culture oppression, she focused in a different writing strategy to get the attention of the dominant culture so that her voice would be heard, upon her call for understanding their cultural situation. Her essay on â€Å"The Big Red Apples caused the white readers to think and give insights that the traditional Christian had captured the ideologies of the Indians and from this, it suggested the Indian culture where corrupted by Euro-American culture(Minnesota). To sight some problems she encountered in her schooling experiences that made her some sort of stubborn and brute in the eyes of the missionaries was the scene in â€Å"The Cutting of My Long Hair. It is the schools policy to trim the hair of their students, yet for her she knows that it depict a symbol of either shame or mourning. So she can’t submit herself with the policy of the missionaries. She knows that they are strong and that their group can’t bend the rule but she still rebelled and struggled. Zitkala-Sa snuck upstairs and went under the bed to hide her self(Bonnin). When she was found by the teachers, due to her severe resistance she was dragged out from the bed. Although she fought by kicking and wild scratch attack, she was still carried and brought down and controlled her movements by tying her fast in a chair. Another, problem encountered by Gertrude after three years of schooling was when she was allowed to go home to have the chance to be with her family. She suddenly felt that due to her living with the Euro-American and the education with her, she then had the sentiment the she was now become an alien of her own tribal custom. Getting her precise statement about the situation, she said that, â€Å"during this time I seemed to hang in the heart of chaos, beyond the touch or voice of human aid† (Bonnin). Her thoughts made a problematic scheme out of it questioning what to do, since long she have been already alienated from the Euro-American culture because of her race, and know she is being attack by an emotion of culture crisis to her own tribe as a consequence of her adopted education. Comparing her life before, to the midst of the Indian grounds she was just a young girl who was innocent and free. Yanktons kids that are older than her always show respect and love to her(Bonnin). They treated her nicely that even though she commits mistake of using ashes instead of the grounded beans for coffee when a visitor comes while her mother is not yet around, the situation is just being passed by without eve scolding her. When playing with her friends, as far as they want they could run freely making a chase with their shadows and do consecutive hounds under the clouds. She loves listening evening stories from their elders while gazing up in the stars above her. Her life was surrounded by people to whom she surely trusts and that she assures them that there is no reason to mistrust the tribe where she belongs. But as an effect of sudden circumstances, after her ignorance and prioritizing the need for education, the sympathy that she always encounters and received from her Dakota world is abruptly abandoned(Giese).

Arthur Conan Doyle build Essay Example for Free

Arthur Conan Doyle build Essay Arthur Conan Doyle used the character named Sherlock Holmes to create a murder mystery genre short story. He uses the clever, sly and mysterious character to capture the readers. At the time the stories were written the Victorians were very frightened of crime because the police at the time werent stopping crime as they should, also at the time the fearsome Jack the Ripper was loose on the slums of London, so this new character brought some relief to the frightened citizens. At the time the police were failing to commit to there job and stop the crime that was taking place. This meant there was a lot of fear about crime around because the people of London had no force to protect themselves from the evil on the streets. At this time Arthur Conan Doyle tapped into this idea and created Holmes, this gave relief to the readers. Doyle had to use one of the main techniques in a murder mystery story to keep the story alive, keeping tension and suspense at a high throughout. Towards the start of the mystery Doyle builds up the idea of the story by showing the idea of fear in Helen Stoner. When Helen says It is not cold which makes me shiver and It is terror. This builds up the idea of the story as then she begins to tell Holmes about her problem. By noticing how she is terrified and telling Holmes about the mystery she is facing, we automatically find that we are dealing with a murder mystery genre. The way Holmes observes everything Miss Stoner does shows he is a very clever man and leads you to think she has come to him for him to solve her mystery, this gives us the idea he is a detective, further convincing us that there is a mystery to be solved. At the very begging Sherlock Holmess apprentice is talking to us, telling us about him studying Mr Holmes work. The way Doyle sets up the mystery shows us he is a clever writer as we can always be asking what is going to happen next. When Holmes starts asking questions it starts giving us ideas about the mystery we are dealing with, further setting up the story. We also see the idea of contrast between how we see things. We meet Helen Stoner, a woman who fears for her life, and is shaking with fear; she is in a terrible state. Then we see Sherlock Holmes. He is calm, easy going and already at work the moment he meets his client. Then we meet Dr Grimsby Roylott. He seizes things and storms about the place, he is a very large man and works with his anger and strength. We see Helen Stoner as a very fragile and afraid woman. We see that when she enters the room she is very shivery, but this isnt because its cold, we know this because not only does the writing tell us but it also describes her to be sat next to a fire. We see that Helen stoner is very fragile because she fears for her life. We know this when she says It is fear, Mr Holmes. It is terror. This shows that something is frightening her. We then find out that she needs Holmes to help her. She looks like a hunted animal and this shows that she has been through a lot. We see that the way her character is shown to be a typical Victorian woman. Vulnerable, afraid, fragile and unable to defend herself. This shows that the story keeps on fitting into the genre of murder mystery. In the day it was written people reading the story would very easily be able to relate to her as a character and this give more effect to the story as a reader. We are also told about how she looks very old, but is very young, and how the fear she has because of Dr Roylott has made her look almost elderly. We can see that Sherlock Holmes is portrayed to be a very clever and calm gentleman. We can see he is a very observant man, and is very quick to think things through, this would make the readers feel relieved for Helen Stoner because they would know from this point that he is smart enough to crack the mystery. The way he talks to her as if he already knows the answers to his questions shows him to be a very smart man. We also see he is a very brave man. We know this because even when staring the large, and frightening Dr Roylott, he manages to stay calm and say things that further enrage the large man. Even when further angering the tyrant he still keeps calm, and keeps himself out of any state of worry, this would further enhance the feel of protection for the reader. The way he further angers the Dr also builds a large amount of tension. This would keep the reader reading ahead. Dr Roylott is presented as a large frightening man. We know this because of the way we see his first proper entrance into the story. We see this because the door to Holmes living space was dashed open by a Huge man. This further builds tension in the story as from this point it is obvious the man bursting into the door is Dr Roylott. He is shown to be a strong, aggressive character. We know because of a way he seizes a poker and bends it with his bare hands to show his raw strength. The word seizes shows he is a very aggressive man and this would give the reader a feeling of fear which would further build tension.  The fact that the entire story is set over one day and not spread out over time shows that the situation is urgent and it cannot be left more than 1 day. This further builds the idea of tension in the story line. The tension is built up over time because as the time goes on the story shows that the woman is in danger of death. At the time the Victorians would have found this story very frightening. This is because at the time the idea of gypsies living on someones land was something that wasnt at all normal. This meant that the people who would read this would find it very peculiar and would find it frightening to hear about. Also the idea of foreign animals walking freely on his land would scare them because this is unusual and these creatures are not just any animals, dangerous animals like cheetahs. They also would be frightened that he had killed his butler in Africa. This would worry the public because at the time the police force werent doing there job very well and this made the public very worried about crime. In the final section the main contrast that is noticeable is the change between the light. The light is dark and all is silent. But when some light flashes in the room the tension automatically begins building up. As the tension builds further the light begins to come through the air shaft and this creates even further tension. When the Idea of time is linked with the idea of changing light, this build the tension because the time seems to slow down as the light builds in the final part of the story. In the entire story builds tension well, the way it all takes place in a short amount of time shows urgency in the situation and makes the reader feel tense. The language he uses is good for building the tension because he uses words that give a feel of urgency and danger. I think the story builds tension well because the way it was written to fit in with Victorian ideas makes people see how the story was meant to effect the reader.

Are Nursing Homes Beneficial?

Are Nursing Homes Beneficial? Cameron Bond   Specific goal: To persuade families why nursing homes are beneficial Introduction: Question: Why do you think nursing homes beneficial?[PC2] Today what I will be talking about is: What are nursing homes? What are the benefits of nursing homes? How can families pay for their loved ones nursing home stay?[PC3] Thesis Statement: [PC4]Nursing homes put more emphasis on rehabilitating residents and getting them back into the community. Nevertheless, there is a growing tendency to make some Nursing Home more homelike. Body: What are nursing homes? According to Medline Plus, a nursing home is a place for people who dont need to be in a hospital but cant be cared for at home. Most nursing homes have nursing aides and skilled nurses on hand 24 hours a day.[PC5] Some nursing homes are set up like a hospital. The staff provides medical care, as well as physical, speech and occupational therapy. There might be a nurses station on each floor. Other nursing homes try to be more like home. They try to have a neighborhood feel. Often, they dont have a fixed day-to-day schedule, and kitchens [PC6]might be open to residents. Staff members are encouraged to develop relationships with residents. Some nursing homes have special care units for people with serious memory problems such as Alzheimers disease. Some will let couples live together. Nursing homes are not only for the elderly, but for anyone who requires 24-hour care. What are the benefits of nursing homes? Assistance with daily task Nursing homes help residents with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, drinking, using the restroom, and administering medicine.[PC7] Typical daily task can become increasingly difficult with old age.[PC8] Social environment Residing in a nursing home facility provides seniors with a built-in social network of peers.[PC9] a) Senior residents can enjoy the company of others who are living in the same facility and share their experiences. Many facilities offer organized social events open for participation for all residents. Many senior citizens suffer from depression due to feeling of isolation from living alone and not having access to social outlets. House keeping The nursing home staff will take care of laundry and general cleaning in their rooms. Food service Nursing facilities provide all meals and snacks Many facilities offer various meal plans to cater to different taste and dietary requirements Safety The elderly are frequently targets of physical, emotional and financial abuse. Living in a nursing home facility offers seniors a protected environment to help insulate them from possible abuse and danger Nursing homes offer greater levels of security and protection than seniors who are living alone or un-supervised Access to resources While living in a nursing home, residents can enjoy easy access to whatever resources they might need a) The nursing home staff will help residents find the information they need quickly and efficiently. Specialized health care Skilled nursing facilities are staffed by registered nurses and they have the ability to provide proper care to seniors with serious health conditions. How can families pay for their loved ones Nursing homes stay?[PC10] It is said on the national institute on aging website that, Its important to check with Medicare, Medicaid, and any private insurance provider you must find out their current rules about covering the costs of long-term care. You can pay for nursing home care in several ways. Medicare is for someone who needs special care, Medicare, a Federal program, will cover part of the cost in a skilled nursing home approved by Medicare. Check with Medicare for details. Medicaidis a State/Federal program that provides health benefits to some people with low incomes. Contact your county family services department to see if you qualify. Private pay is when some people pay for long-term care with their own savings for as long as possible. When that is no longer possible, they may apply for help from Medicaid. If you think you may need to apply for Medicaid at some point, make sure the nursing home youre interested in accepts Medicaid payments. Not all do. Long-term care insurance is when some people buy private long-term care insurance. It can pay part of the costs for a nursing home or other long-term care for the length of time stated in your policy. This type of insurance is sold by many different companies and benefits vary widely. Look carefully at several policies before making a choice. Conclusion[PC11]: Nursing homes are an amazing way to make sure that your loved ones are being cared for and getting the service they deserve. As I stated before, nursing homes put more emphasis on rehabilitating residents and getting them back into the community and your loved ones can feel at home. Today I talked to you about what is a nursing home, what are the benefits of a nursing home, and how could you pay for your love ones stay at the nursing home. As an employee at a nursing home your family members will  Ã‚   be very well taken care of and live a normal life as if they were in their own home.[PC12] You need at least four outside sources mentioned in the body of your speech (not just web addresses) Work Cited https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/nursing-homes http://www.disable-world.com/medical/rehabilitaion/advantages.php https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are

George Handel :: Music, Operas, Allelujah Chorous

George Handel was one of the best composers of his time. Handel really didn’t grow up with music but when he got the hang of it there was no looking back. Handel was not your average child, he became great at what he did at a young age. â€Å"By the age of eleven, Handel was able not only to compose but also to give organ lessons(Kamien 169). Handel played several instruments and begin playing in operas before he was twenty-one. Handel father was important factor of his life, he was the one that let Handel pursue music full-time at a young age. â€Å"Perhaps to honor the wishes of his father, who had died when Handel was twelve, he entered Halle University at seventeen to study law(Kamien 169).† Handel later drop out of school and traveled to different places to pursue his music. George Handel wrote many operas and oratorios. Some of his first operas got him well-known in England. â€Å"He became England’s most important composer and a favorite of Queen Anne, who gave him a subsidy of 200 a year(Kamien 170). But with the good there’s always a bad. For a period of time, Handel shows were doing good, he even had his own company produce his operas but soon things would change. â€Å"Both opera companies went bankrupt as a result of the competition, and Handel suffered a breakdown(Kamien 170). In, 1741, George Handel produce one of his best works Messiah. â€Å"Handel stopped writing operas entirely(Kamien 170).Oratorios poured from his pen(170). Oratorios don’t have acting, and costumes like operas. Messiah still to this day is one of George Handel greatest works. â€Å"Messiah lasts about two and half hours and was composed in just twenty-four days(Kamien 171). Messiah did not get its success overnight but it took time to gain its su ccess. â€Å"Unlike most of Handel’s oratorios, Messiah is meditative rather than dramatic; it lacks plot, action, and specific characters(Kamien 172).†Messiah is still being use to this day. â€Å"Mozart made one, and still later versions are often played by orchestras for one hundred and choruses of several hundred(Kamien 172). Another one of George Handel great works is Hallelujah Chorus. â€Å"This is the popular name for the chorus that closes part 2 of Handel’s Messiah, which consist of three parts(Alison 1).† This chorus is known everywhere, you might have heard it or recognize it in church, movies, and plays. â€Å"In the Hallelujah Chorus, words and phrases are repeated over and over, as has been common practice in choral music for several centuries(Kamien 177). George Handel :: Music, Operas, Allelujah Chorous George Handel was one of the best composers of his time. Handel really didn’t grow up with music but when he got the hang of it there was no looking back. Handel was not your average child, he became great at what he did at a young age. â€Å"By the age of eleven, Handel was able not only to compose but also to give organ lessons(Kamien 169). Handel played several instruments and begin playing in operas before he was twenty-one. Handel father was important factor of his life, he was the one that let Handel pursue music full-time at a young age. â€Å"Perhaps to honor the wishes of his father, who had died when Handel was twelve, he entered Halle University at seventeen to study law(Kamien 169).† Handel later drop out of school and traveled to different places to pursue his music. George Handel wrote many operas and oratorios. Some of his first operas got him well-known in England. â€Å"He became England’s most important composer and a favorite of Queen Anne, who gave him a subsidy of 200 a year(Kamien 170). But with the good there’s always a bad. For a period of time, Handel shows were doing good, he even had his own company produce his operas but soon things would change. â€Å"Both opera companies went bankrupt as a result of the competition, and Handel suffered a breakdown(Kamien 170). In, 1741, George Handel produce one of his best works Messiah. â€Å"Handel stopped writing operas entirely(Kamien 170).Oratorios poured from his pen(170). Oratorios don’t have acting, and costumes like operas. Messiah still to this day is one of George Handel greatest works. â€Å"Messiah lasts about two and half hours and was composed in just twenty-four days(Kamien 171). Messiah did not get its success overnight but it took time to gain its su ccess. â€Å"Unlike most of Handel’s oratorios, Messiah is meditative rather than dramatic; it lacks plot, action, and specific characters(Kamien 172).†Messiah is still being use to this day. â€Å"Mozart made one, and still later versions are often played by orchestras for one hundred and choruses of several hundred(Kamien 172). Another one of George Handel great works is Hallelujah Chorus. â€Å"This is the popular name for the chorus that closes part 2 of Handel’s Messiah, which consist of three parts(Alison 1).† This chorus is known everywhere, you might have heard it or recognize it in church, movies, and plays. â€Å"In the Hallelujah Chorus, words and phrases are repeated over and over, as has been common practice in choral music for several centuries(Kamien 177).

Conservation of Water in Nagaland

94% of the total area of Nagaland is hilly terrain with heavy annual rainfall ranging from 120cm to 240cm As proposed in the 4th Plan, 3 (three) Watershed Pilot Projects have been demarcated i. e. , at Zubza in Kohima District, at Tuli in Mokokchung District and at Chare in Tuensang District by the end of 1972-73, where field works on various aspects of Soil Conservation viz. , terracing, Contour bunding, Afforestation, Orchard Plantation and construction of irrigation channels are in full swing in all the above Projects.The Department has 14 (fourteen) meteorological observatories spread all over the state, which has been supplying and catering the met. data to various land users departments as well as providing the daily weather bulletin in media viz. , Radio, T. V. , and News papers. Augmentation of Water Supply to Kohima Town by Gravity flow from Dzukou and Dzuna river. A Survey has been conducted to find out the possibility of tapping water from Dzuna Rivers and has been found t o be feasible. This Project envisages for a 975 million litre capacity Balancing Reservoir to store the surplus monsoon run-off water from Dzuna river.This will, to a large extent supplement the deficiency during lean season. The estimated project cost is Rs. 33. 97 crore at 2003 price levels. The project has been approved and sanctioned recently by the Urban Development Ministry. ) Augmentation of Water Supply to Mokokchung Town : Due to problems faced by the present water supply system by pumping from Dikhu River to Mokokchung Town, a project to augment water supply to Mokokchung town by Gravity from Tichipami source with an estimated cost of Rs. 1000. 3 lakhs has been taken up. A budget provision of Rs. 192. 00 lakhs under Negotiated Loan (HUDCO) is ear marked during 2002 –03. Anticipated expenditure up to 31/3/2003 is Rs. 800. 00 lakhs and is anticipated to be completed and commissioned by June/2004. i) Augmentation of Water Supply to Mon Town :- The project has been sanc tioned at an estimated cost of Rs. 653. 00 lakhs. The expenditure up to March 2003 is Rs. 569. 901 lakhs. The project has been completed and is expected to be inaugurated shortly.The scheme will deliver purified water at the rate of 60 litres per capita per day (lpcd) for a design population of 13000. ii) Augmentation of Water Supply to Zunheboto Town : The project has been sanctioned at an estimated cost of Rs. 959. 00 lakhs. Budget provision kept for the year 2002 –03 is Rs. 30. 00 lakhs under AUWSP. The anticipated expenditure up to March 2003 is Rs. 904. 00 lakhs The project was commissioned on 18th May/2001. The Scheme is designed to deliver purified water at the rate of 70 litres per capita per day to a population of 17,800.Extension of distribution lines and introduction of metering system is in progress. (iii) Augmentation of Water Supply to Wokha Town : This project has been sanctioned at an estimated cost of Rs. 351. 30 lakhs. Budget provision during 2002 –03 is Rs. 0. 22 lakhs. The anticipated expenditure up to March 2003 is Rs. 189. 47 lakhs The project is expected to be completed by March/2005. Once completed, the Scheme can deliver purified water at the rate of 50 litres per capita per day (lpcd) to a total design population of 20,000.

Interview tips

To help the interviewee (you) decide if this is the Job that you want and ask uestions that will help you determine if this Job will be a good fit for you. 2. To help the interviewer decide if you are the best fit for the position that is available. It really is that simple. But that does not mean that it is an easy process. From the moment that you find out you have an interview; you must step into sales person mode. â€Å"But I want to be a security guard – not a sales person,† you might be thinking. That's true. Until you have the job though, you are a sales person and what you are selling is yourself.You must be able to sell yourself as something that the company needs to fulfill a purpose. There are two rules that sales people follow, no matter what they are selling: 1. Know your product. 2. Know your audience. These two rules will take you a long way in the interview process and all of the tips that you are going to read about in this e-book will all come back to these two things. Without knowledge of your product (yourself) and your audience (the company you want to work for) you will not be successful in the interview.Before, moving on to the 10 tips that will help you in the interview process, remember that the interview process does not begin the moment you walk in the 5 Before the Interview oor of the interviewer's office. Nor does it begin when you walk in the building of the place you are being interviewed at. The interview process begins the moment you find out that you have an interview. And that is where we will begin. Before the Interview 1. Research Before you begin doing anything else, your first task should be to find out as much about the company as possible. And that goes back to that second rule of sales, â€Å"Know your audience. The more you know about the company that you are want to work for, the more information you will have available to show the interviewer that you are the best erson for the Job. It could be somethi ng as simple as knowing that the owner of the company has been nominated for an ABC award or knowing how many people the company employs each year. Every little bit of information can be helpful in some way. Here is some of the information that you should look for: 0 Who are the leaders of the organization? Have they been featured in the news or media lately? What are their personal mottos, goals, and values?Where did they go to school? Have they owned other companies? 0 What kind of online presence does the company have? Most businesses have a web site, so make sure that you read every age of that site. Do they have a Facebook account or a Twitter account? Read the latest updates and tweets. See how they interact with others and topics show up on their tweets and on the wall of their page. 0 Who is the company's competition? How does the company promote themselves to stand out amongst the competition? Does the company have a motto? Is the company growing or expanding in comparison to other companies? Before the Interview 0 Does the company participate in volunteer events or charities? Are they involved in the community? Any information that you can gather about the company can be helpful. The information that you learn can help you answer questions. It can also create questions that you can ask later in the interview. 2. Practice No matter what questions you are answer and no matter what you are talking about, it is important to sound confident. The more you practice what you are going to say, the more confident you will appear. Practice by yourself and practice with other people.Friends, colleagues, and family members make excellent practice partners and sometimes they hear things that you might not notice. You may not notice how many times you say, â€Å"Umm†¦ † but your practice partner will. You can also practice by using a recorder or a web camera. With a recorder, you can focus on your speech. Listen for things like talking to fast or too sl ow, pronouncing words wrong, overuse of the words â€Å"like†, â€Å"um†, or â€Å"uh†. Some people have a tendency to let words trail off at the end of their sentences and this can make you difficult to understand.With a web camera you can pretend that the camera is the interviewer. Observe how much you keep eye contact and how often you look at things other than the â€Å"interviewer†. When you are practicing tor the interview, one ot the most obvious things to practice s how you answer interview questions. Be familiar with the most popular interview questions and practice answering them until you are completely comfortable with your answers. You will read more about the most commonly asked interview questions in the During the Interview section.You can also find more common interview questions that you can practice by doing some research online. 7 Before the Interview The interview questions are not the only thing you should practice though. Some of th e other things you can practice are: 0 Your handshake. 0 How you introduce yourself. 0 How you end the interview. 3. While You are Waiting You will often have some time to wait in the reception area before you go into the interview. This time is important, too. Here are a few DOS and DON'TS to keep in mind: 0 DO use this time to mentally rehearse your answers. 0 DON'T talk to yourself. DO visualize yourself entering the interviewing room, shaking hands with the interviewer, and appearing calm and confident. 0 DON'T chat up the receptionist. The receptionist has their own Job to do and it is not the receptionist's Job to babysit you or entertain you. 0 DO get rid of the chewing gum before you enter the building. You do not want to have it in your mouth when ou enter the interview and it will be more difficult to dispose of once you enter the waiting room. 0 DON'T pace. Pick up a magazine or brochure before you sit down if you like but don't spend your time wandering around the recept ion area. DO use the restroom before you get settled. A full bladder will distract you and make you appear nervous. 8 During the Interview During the Interview 4. Confidence is Key The first few minutes of the interview are imperative. It is believed that people develop an impression ot you within the first 30 seconds and that impression can continue through the interview. No matter what you must appear confident. If you don't believe in yourself, if you do not have confidence in what you are selling, how can you expect anyone else to believe in you?One of the worst things you can do in the first 5 minutes of the interview is showing your nervousness. For instance, â€Å"If they are nervous and can't answer questions or give one word answers,† says Ahmed Elbarmil of North Eastern Security Force, it decreases your likelihood of getting hired. How can you demonstrate confidence in those first few minutes? One of the best ways to do this is to smile. A smile goes a long way in a ny situation but it is especially important in the interview. It tells the interviewer that you are happy to be there and that you are happy to meet them.A smile implies sincerity and approachability. A smile suggests that you are honest. You can also show that you are confident through your eye contact. Eye contact should be maintained throughout the interview, but when you first meet someone it is even more important. When you make eye contact with someone you are telling them that you have nothing to hide. You are suggesting that you are an open book. You also give them the impression that you are interested in them and that you are ready to listen. Of course, one of the things that convey confidence more than anything in an interview is your handshake.

HIS 135 Entire Course Essay

In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History – General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, don’t torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you aren’t a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History – General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, don’t torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you aren’t a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History – General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, don’t torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day a†¦ Follow the link Now for full guide – https://bitly. com/1wySlYb If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, don’t torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you aren’t a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. History – General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865.

Mr. Jim Wormold, the Unlikely Optimist in “Our Man in Havana”

According to the online version of the Merriam-Webster dictionary, â€Å"faith is the allegiance to duty or a person: loyalty (1): fidelity to one's promises (2): sincerity of intentions. †# The concept of faith can cleverly be disguised as a purely religious byproduct; possessed primarily by the followers of a religious belief system or spiritual path. However, faith simply means a strong trust in something or someone. Faith is to commit oneself to act based on life experience to warrant rationalization, but without sufficient proof.To have a faith in someone or something also involves an act of will to persevere when the odds are at great length. Even though the protagonist, Jim Wormold doesn’t have religious faith and his actions motivated entirely by desperation to have the approval of an absent wife and spoiled daughter, he is the only character that doesn’t exhibit blind faith. Faith is closely related to loyalty, as evidenced by the ideal of †fidelit y to one’s promises† or an inherent â€Å"faithfulness†. Faith is not an uniquely religious principle, but it is a byproduct of entrusting loyalty.And both loyalty and faithfulness have connections to trustworthiness. Loyalty cannot exist without faith. Wormold’s faith is engrossed to the loyalty of his daughter. As stated in Chapter 2, â€Å"Unlike Wormold, who believed in nothing, Milly was a Catholic: he had been made to promise her mother, he supposed, was of no faith at all, but she had left a Catholic on his hands. It brought Milly closer to Cuba than he could come himself† (Greene, 15). When marrying, Wormold promised his wife they would raise their children as Catholics. Even when his wife leaves he continues to raise Milly as a Catholic.Although it appears that he himself is absent of a religious faith, his actions to ensure she is Catholic are very significant. Wormold failed in his marriage, but doesn’t want to fail in raising his daughter with the right upbringing. Wormold is wholly dedicated and governed by the main woman in his life, his daughter Milly. She is the entire reason for him becoming involved in the Secret Service. By all accounts he should have rejected Hawthorne's offer. He has no background or training of any kind that would qualify him to be a spy. However, he sees a chance to make some money and he exploits it.He not only takes the basic pay of $300 offered him, but goes out of his way to make as much money as possible by creating phantom agents and missions all requiring more money, which of course he uses on his daughter. The following quote presents the reasoning why Wormold accepts Hawthorne’s offer. Milly wants a horse and a country club membership for her seventeenth birthday although she knows Wormold cannot afford the extra expenses of such a gift. †¦,‘Oh, I knew you’d take it like this,’ Milly said. ‘I knew it in my heart of hearts. I said two novenas to make it right, but they haven’t worked.I was so careful too. I was in a state of grace all the time I said them. I’ll never believe in a novena again. Never. Never. ’ (†¦) He had no faith himself, but he never wanted by any action of his own to weaken hers. Now he felt a fearful responsibility; at any moment she would be denying the existence of God. Ancient promises he had made came up out of the past to weaken him. (18) In the given quote, Milly begins to doubt whether her prayers will be answered. It is obvious she takes advantage of her father and asks for anything even if she knows her father cannot afford it.In fear of Milly becoming skeptical of her Catholic faith, Wormold keeps the horse as he had made â€Å"ancient promises to his wife† to â€Å"raise a good Catholic†. Wormold’s fear of his daughter, or at least the fear of her disapproval is brought to realization. Wormold has a great love for his daughter and wants to give her everything she wants so that he can succeed as a single parent and remedy faults he committed to his wife. He sees direct parallels to his daughter with his wife. Wormold failed at his marriage, but he intends to succeed in rearing their child.Several times throughout the novel, Milly manipulates and controls her father with a similarity to her mother. He feels distant and detached from her world and often gives into her requests. â€Å"He was glad that she [Milly] could still accept fairy stories: a virgin who bore a child, pictures that wept or spoke words of love in the dark. Hawthorne and his kind were equally credulous, but what they swallowed were nightmares, grotesque stories out of science fiction† (75). Wormold compares the significance of Milly's Catholic faith to that of a childhood fairytale as it ensures she maintains her innocence and faith in something without skepticism.This critique of Catholicism is similar to the Santa Claus myth. Parents lie t o their children about the existence of an imaginary entity in hopes to instill principles of goodness and morality in their children. Wormolds’ lack of religious faith is a result of a moral discrepancy. His wife was apparently a devote Catholic but still managed to overlook her marriage and run off with another man. Religion for the protagonist, Wormold is irrelevant. On the other hand, to have a faith that things will continue being advantageous isn’t considered far-fetched.Our Man In Havana takes place against the background of the Cold War. The British Secret Service is operated by heresy and the fear of expansion of the Communist regime. The novel’s setting in Havana Cuba is important because the story is written and takes place just before the revolution led by Fidel Castro. At the time of the story, Cuba is a largely poor country. There are many European and American tourists and businesspeople on the island who have their personal agendas and respective loyalties. Wormold remarks about this in Part 5 of Chapter 4: â€Å"You are loyal. † â€Å"Who to? † â€Å"To Milly.I don't care a damn about men who are loyal to the people who pay them, to organizations†¦ I don't think even my country means all that much. There are many countries in our blood, aren't there, but only one person. Would the world be in the mess it is if we were loyal to love and not to countries? † (195) The paranoia surrounding the Cold War is what drives the Secret Service to recruit agents so quickly without giving them proper training. Loyalty is a recurring theme throughout Greene’s novel and questions the validity of the ability to have a loyalty to a country when residing in another.Espionage is rampant because the fear of a Communist threat appears imminent. Consequently, they are so desperate for any information that they are very excited when they get Wormold's fake reports. Their desire to outmaneuver the Communists oversh adows their common sense. The British Secret Service engages in a prime example of blind faith with enlisting Jim Wormold. Hawthorne, the British secret agent who recruits Wormold, is not revered as an outstanding agent and isn’t trusted by his superiors. This may be a result in his questionable judgment for selecting new recruits.Although the British secret Service prides itself to â€Å"employ agents who were men of good social standing,† Hawthorne lies about Wormold’s true occupation and social standing by embellishing it: â€Å" ‘Oh, he imports, you know, Machinery, that sort of thing. ’ It was always important to one’s own career to employ agents who were men of good social standing. The petty details on the secret file dealing with the store in Lamparilla Street would never, in ordinary circumstances, reach this basement-room† (52). Later, Hawthorne suspects Wormold's reports may be falsified, but does nothing about it.In Part 4 of Chapter 2 Dr. Hasselbacher states, â€Å"At first they promised me they were planning nothing. You have been very useful to them. They knew about you from the very beginning, Mr. Wormold, but they didn't take you seriously. They even thought you might be inventing your reports. But then you changed your codes and your staff increased. The British Secret Service would not be so easily deceived as all that, would it? † (146) Faith is a suspension of disbelief. This is vital for believing in things that can't be proven, and as such is a personal decision for the individual.The function of the British Secret Service is to rely heavily on sources that cannot be easily confirmed. They have to put much trust in people like Wormold. While it is likely that most of them are reliable and diligent intelligence gatherers, there are few checks and balances in place to confirm they are not. The information they provide is obviously secret and not easily verifiable. This is dangerous bec ause decision makers have to much of their faith on these sources when making serious decisions.When wrong information gets through the system, whether it is intentionally wrong or not, it resulted in disastrous consequences as several people do in fact die indirectly because of Wormold's fake reports. The Secret Service is supposed to be a highly competent organization, but in reality they are unwittingly relying on Wormold who is neither qualified nor a loyal patriot of the British Crown. â€Å"If you have abandoned one faith, do not abandon all faith. There is always an alternative to the faith we lose. Or is it the same faith under another mask? # The idea of faith being either religious or not is purely semantics. For Wormold it is not a matter if he has faith, but who or what he places his faith in. Throughout the novel, Wormold exhibits optimism that he will be able to preserve a decent livelihood for himself and his daughter through playing up the insecurities and paranoia of the British secret service. Through the depiction of Wormold, Greene's Our Man In Havana suggests that true faith is not blinded by fear of attack of an unknown enemy or mythology of an ominous being, but loyalty to one’s individual morals and loved ones.

alturism Essay Example For Students

alturism Essay Altruism is used in discussions of ethics as an alternative to ethical egoism: the belief that people ought to be selfish. Altruism leads us to find a middle ground between being purely self interested and devoting our entire lives to the group. We learn that its not preferable to be too self interested, but can be harmful to devote all your energy to other people. A little too much self interest can be as harmful as too much virtuousness towards others. As an ethical egotist, what you might learn from altruism is; there are certain situations where it could pay not to be self interested. A good example would be several people stuck on a deserted island. If everyone left destined for their separate survival, surly only a few would live very long. If the people banded together, shared the work and supplies, surely most or all would survive longer.This shows that there are situations you can handle better when you chose to be in a group, then on your own. In conclusion I think any person should carefully consider before deciding to act in their own interest or act for a group that they are part in. People should try and think of what might be more beneficial for them in the long term as well as immediately. If the worst is true; and humans are purely selfish beings, what people should do is substitute a little altruistic philosophy in their thinking. This would help incorporate every self interested person into a group that functions better than any people could individually. It would probably help expand the available choices for people who feel they cannot make a decision. I think it can also lead the world in a more tolerant direction.

Mutation as a Diversity Enhancing Mechanism in Genetic Programming Essay

Mutation as a Diversity Enhancing Mechanism in Genetic Programming - Essay Example Genetic programming (GP) has emerged as a promising instrument in research on machine learning and artificial intelligence. According to Koza and Poli (2005), GP is a "systematic" method of "getting computers to automatically solve a problem" (p. 127). The temptation of creating artificial intelligence and enabling machines to "automatically" perform problem solving has led to the exploration of biologically inspired methods of programming, such as crossovers and mutations. The process of GP involves alterations in computer programs analogous to biological genetic processes. The genetic code in biological science is analogous to syntax trees in computer science, and these trees are altered in a similar fashion as that of gene mutation, deletion, crossover, duplication, etc. performed by nature. The aim of genetic programming is to create a novel and complex program without taking the trouble of predefining its structure. Background In the process of biological evolution, organisms underwent alterations in their genetic makeup, which led to an increase in their structural as well as genetic diversity. Only those who were genetically "fit" were able to survive during the dynamic changes in environmental conditions. Those who lacked the capacity to adapt to these changes went extinct. Thus, according to Charles Darwin, evolution of organisms occurred via natural selection in which nature selected the organisms that were most fit to survive, also known as survival of the fittest. Mutations are the most effective genetic alterations, which enabled the generation of diversity among organisms and ultimately led to their natural selection in the process of evolution. Mutations occur randomly in the genes, and may be natural or induced. These are sudden and heritable changes, and occur at a very small frequency. They, however, lead to beneficial or even harmful changes in an organism. Mutation is nature's way of genera ting diversity among living organisms. The fact that random mutations have led to the generation of successful species is enough to inspire the exploration of similar mechanisms in computer science, in a metaphorical sense. With the help of "mutations" in programming, it may be possible to create novel and successful genetic algorithms or programs with a higher fitness value, which have a high probability of arriving at the solution to a given problem. These may form an integral part of machine learning and help in the synthesis of artificial intelligence. Objective Many studies have explored the role of mutations in genetic programming for the induction of diversity in computer programs. It is hoped that through such a process, it would be possible to create programs with increased fitness and with more efficient problem solving capacities. This paper attempts at analyzing the importance of diversity in genetic programming and the efficiency of mutations in achieving the same. The paper, Mutation as a Diversity Enhancing Mechanism in Genetic Programming (Jackson 2011) is also reviewed and evaluated. II.

How violent video games have positive and negative effects on children Essay

How violent video games have positive and negative effects on children - Essay Example Harmless games like Pac-man started catching the child’s attention for hours and this was the beginning of game addiction in kids. With time, development of graphics and better appealing games started appearing in the market. With rapid increase of the gaming market, the genres of games started to change and new eon was set, where games did not look harmless anymore and the violence level inhabited by these games started becoming pretty alarming. One of the first high violent games that caught the world by storm was ‘Mortal Kombat’, a unique two player fighting game. The violence however was the nature of fighting and the brutal moves that were incorporated by each character. The game also showcased extreme violence in the end of each level, in which the losing game character would die a sadistic death by getting his body parts ripped by the other character. Due to this attribute of the game, it became an instant rage especially amongst teenagers. Media has played a major part installing ideas of violence amongst children and teenagers. Violence filled games has taken this to the next level. The following study of comparison between a violent game and a non violent game indicates the impact they can have on teenager’s mind: â€Å"They also found (Study 2) that participants who played Wolfenstein 3D (a violent game where the player â€Å"walks â€Å"through a castle, armed with various weapons, and attempts to kill people) in the lab behaved more aggressively than participants who played a nonviolent game† (Bruce D. Bartholow & Craig A. Anderson. Page 2.2001) The question that arises is can we co-relate extreme violence in schools with violence in video games. Pre-teens boys are always using the techniques and moves shown in the games on each other. However the alarming part comes, when these school kids decide to kill their classmates and teachers in similar game fashion. The one player shooting games has a deep effect on teenagers and if the child is

Discuss, making the comparison between collective bargaining, Essay

Discuss, making the comparison between collective bargaining, conducted with trade unions, and employee involvement practices de - Essay Example The trade unions to make their bargaining process more effective take the assistance of ruling parties in the region. This helps in intensifying the process of collective bargaining taken by its members. The process of collective bargaining taken by the members participating in a trade union earns success by rendering collective stress on the management. Specifically, collective bargaining is conducted by the employees to better effectively regulate their payment and working terms in the organization (Flanders, 1968.39, 41). In comparison to the process of collective bargaining practiced by employees under the umbrella of trade unions the employees can also be encouraged by the managers to participate in organizational decision-making. This process helps in augmenting the factor of employee loyalty towards the concern and makes them more responsible in fulfilling their commitments to pursue end goals. The employees can be involved by the management to take decision in key areas and i n key matters, which they feel to be affecting their personal interests. This process highlights a democratic face of the concern where workers are treated equally as managers. Differences solved in the floor levels through mutual understanding pave the way for better managerial action in achievement of organizational objectives. (Employee Consultation and Involvement, n.d. 3-5). Trade Unions help the employees to raise their voices. Without the formation of unions the employees feel the dearth of putting collective effort on the management. Again trade unions tend to wither away without the active participation of the employees acting as members. The twentieth century tries to involve employee voice in the workplace in order to establish a harmony. This was a newly popularizing notion transforming from concerns about industrial associations with collective rights to representation towards a very recent human resource management strategy emphasizing upon involvement of employees and their participation. The idea of voice was derived form two components. First, the practice of employee representation was inferred from the realization that the laborers have the legal influence on the terms under which they work and in order to bring about fairness they might render their suggestions in this context. The second component is employee involvement and participation, which acknowledges that the potential of employees can render, benefits to the organization (Taras, 2003. 293). The paper attempts to illustrate the different approaches (such as trade unions and employee involvement) of maintaining employee relations within an organization. Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining Trade Unions The nature of trade unions can be depicted as bodies built for conducting bargaining activities in order to achieve organizational objectives. Trade unions tend to bargain by standing in the existing social system without making any endeavor to change the social structure. The emplo yees of an organization to achieve any revolutionary or reformist objectives do not construct the trade unions. Rather workers jointly participate to form a trade union with a view to better up their economic and working conditions. These workers are not driven by a political philosophy to form such organizations. Trade Unions only help the workers enhance the parameters of their own betterment.

Entrepreneurship and small business development Essay - 1

Entrepreneurship and small business development - Essay Example In the review, I have chosen different entrepreneurs, where each displays different qualities such as motivation, leadership, invention, innovation, and change. A study of the factors that have motivated Donald Trump in the course of his business start-up Entrepreneurship is a difficult practice to start and become successful; it is highly influenced by many factors such as motivation. Motivation refers to encouragements one gets as he is doing something to be successful. It can be inform of incentives, encouraging words, and showing someone else hat you are proud of their work. Donald Trump ventured into business with his mentor, his father, who by then was a real estate dealer under Trump organization. The following is a literature review of the biography of Donald Trump, which looks at his path to success, clearly looking into what motivated him as an entrepreneur who clearly became successful in his businesses. Donald’s father, Fredric C. Trump, was an enormous influence a nd a significant motivator of Donald. Donald exemplified exquisite wok after joining his father’s company after college. In his endeavors, while working under his father’s wing, he made prodigious deals on behalf of Trump organization making his father proud. Subsequently, as a way of motivating his son, Fredrick encouraged by showing it through proud comments such as â€Å"some of my best deals were made by my son, Donald†¦.everything he touches turns to gold,†(Bio 2011). Moreover, Donald also admitted that his father was an ardent influencer in his business life; occasionally he could confess that his father was a terrific mentor as he had the opportunity to learn a lot about the construction industry, a fact that has always boosted his career in the real estate industry. Soon after, a young Donald Trump moved to Manhattan, where he started-off his business, which has continuously expanded over the years. Factors that have motivated Bill Gates in the cour se of his business start-up The following analysis consists of a review of the path Bill Gates followed on his way to success. The review is of an article detailing the motivations that saw Gates to his success as he incorporated one of the most successful companies in the world. Bill Gates faced many challenges following his drastic measure to quit Harvard University and venture into creating operating software programs for computers. However, he had various things that motivated and kept his dreams afloat such as having a strong vision. Gates, as one of the most renowned entrepreneur, in the world, had an incredible vision as he started his career. In his mind, he dreamt of every desk having a computer as one of the vital tools one needed as they work. On starting his business, in the year 1975 and 1976, Bill gates, in his operations, posted losses, but this did not deter him from pursuing his dream (Famous People 2004). Bill is an entrepreneur consumed by the hunger of making mon ey; hence, from the start this factor always motivated him at work. As an entrepreneur, he is out to acquire returns; hence, he is motivated by this fact such that, he hires the best and ensures that his employees are well rewarded. Downfalls in business are a reason as to why many companies close down, and Bill Gates’ Microsoft Company is among the many that have faced some of the backlashes such as lack of release dates of their products among other problems. However, Bills strong will and motivation

SHOULD STUDENTS AND TEACHERS BE TESTED FOR DRUG USE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS Research Paper

SHOULD STUDENTS AND TEACHERS BE TESTED FOR DRUG USE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS - Research Paper Example The issue of drugs has been identified as one of the major issue affecting education in both private and public schools (Muscat, 2007). However, the public schools are more affected than the private schools. According to Samaha (2011), an assistant vice principal in a public school in the state of New Jersey found a student with marijuana and rolling papers used to smoke it. This is an indication that the student was using drugs that could affect her health and the social health of other students. This case can suggest that the use of drugs might be prevalent among students in all the public schools in the United States. There are also teachers who have been identified by the school administrators of public schools to be using drugs while teaching or before teaching. The use of drugs by both students and teacher is greatly affecting education in the public schools. Therefore, any teacher of all public educational establishments, regardless of whether it is high school, elementary or kindergarten, should be tested for drug use. Moreover, all the students in the public schools, especially the adolescent and young adults, should be tested for drugs. The testing of teachers and students for drug use would help to identify whom drugs affect most. This can help both the school administration and the government to decide the measure that are required to be taken to safeguard the social life of other students, as well as the quality of education. According to Alexander & Alexander (2011), the educational profession is heavily regulated in terms of the expected codes of conduct of the professions, as well as their responsibilities towards one another and towards students. The regulations imposed on this profession are mainly aimed at improving the safety of both the teachers and the students. The regulations are also aimed at improving the quality of education and to promote learning

Psychosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychosis - Research Paper Example Suicidal tendency is more among patients with psychosis. It can occur as part of psychological diseases such as bipolar disease, delusions, depression, personality disorders, schizophrenia etc. Lots of reasons are cited for the occurrence of psychosis. Heredity, environment and some physical diseases such as HIV, brain tumor etc can play a pivotal role in causing psychosis. This paper analyses various dimensions such as causes, symptoms, treatment options etc of psychosis. Causes of Psychosis The exact causes of psychosis are still unknown to the medical science. However, psychologists and psychiatrists are of the view that along with biological reasons, heredity and environment also play an important role in causing psychosis. It is not necessary that psychosis is caused by one single reason. In many cases, more than one reason is associated with psychosis. Like most of the other psychological diseases, stress is associated with psychosis. Tough life situations can often generate in tolerable amount of stress. Suppression of stress often results in emotional outbursts or catharsis in the form of psychosis. â€Å"Being born in the winter months, being brought up in a big city, immigration, childhood head injury, stressful life events and use of street drugs† etc are some of the environmental factors which can cause psychosis (What causes psychosis, 2004, p.1). Environment can condition or strengthen some of our behaviors. For example, a person brought up in a city may struggle to adjust with the poor living conditions of a rural area. The luxurious life styles of the city need not be available in rural areas. Sudden changes in living standards or life styles can develop frustration and stress which may lead towards psychosis. I have a friend who has developed psychosis when he got employment in a city. He was an innocent person and was unaware of the malpractices in the city. When he faced challenges from the crooked fellow employees, it was difficult for him to adapt with it and subsequently he developed signs of psychosis and forced to resign from his employment. Genetic factors can also contribute to the development of psychosis. Our brain receives and sends different information and instructions with the help of neurotransmitters, transporters and receptors. Genes, the basic building blocks of our DNA, instruct our body in the protein manufacturing process. Genes can commit mistake in the protein manufacturing process which is often referred as mutation. â€Å"When a mutation occurs in a gene that contains the instructions for a brain protein, like a neurotransmitter, it may contribute to a chemical imbalance in the brain, which is one of the factors in the development of psychosis† (What causes psychosis, 2004, p.1) Alcohol and certain illegal drugs, both during use and during withdrawal can cause psychosis along with Brain tumors, Dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, chromosomal disorders, HIV, some pres cription drugs such as steroids and stimulants, Some types of epilepsy and Stroke can cause psychosis (Psychosis, 2010). It is proved scientifically that thyroid problems can cause psychological diseases. In short, heredity, environment and biological factors can contribute to the development of psychosis. Symptoms of Psychosis Confused thoughts, feeling about sped up or slowed down thoughts, preoccupation with unusual ideas, belief in other’